Management of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

El-Said, Galal M.; Mullins, Charles E.; McNamara, Dan G.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.6.1240

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Medical treatment consisting of antifailure therapy may be beneficial, but in the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction and/or pulmonary hypertension, does not improve survival rate (Gathman and Nadas, 1970 (Miller et al, 1967;El-Said et al, 1972), but is helpful only in the few cases where the obstruction to pulmonary venous return is produced by a small foramen ovale.…”

Section: Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infancy.

Clarke¹,

Stark²,

Leval³

et al. 1977

Heart

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Section: Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infancy.

Clarke¹,

Stark²,

Leval³

et al. 1977

Heart

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“…Recently, more aggressive approaches to diagnosis and surgical intervention appear to have improved the mortality statistics in this disease. [3][4][5] In its various forms, TAPVD may masquerade as other congenital heart diseases, some acyanotic, or it may mimic not only other forms of cyanotic heart disease but also forms of severe respiratory disease in infancy, pulmonary lymphangiectasia and especially persistence of the fetal pathways of circulation. 6 Although M-mode echocardiographic criteria have been described for the diagnosis of TAPVD (e.g., linear echoes subdividing the left atrium in patients with M-mode findings of right ventricular volume overload,7' the features described are nonspecific and are not always identifiable in all forms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of the sites of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Sahn¹,

Allen

Lange

et al. 1979

Circulation

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SUMMARY Although there are M-mode echocardiographic criteria for diagnosing total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD), they are not specific and do not provide surgically pertinent information. In this study, we used either a high-frequency mechanical sector scanner or a new electronically focused linear array to examine 125 infants, age 1 day to 3 months, with congenital heart disease and normal pulmonary venous drainage in order to validate and characterize noninvasive imaging of the pulmonary veins draining into the left atrium. Using a combination of apex and subxiphoid four-chamber views, we could image two pulmonary veins in 96 of the 125 and one pulmonary vein in 118 of the 125 patients. Contrast echoes during cardiac catheterization in two patients suggested that the right and left upper pulmonary veins were most commonly imaged. In 10 newborns with persistent fetal circulation, we ruled out obstructive TAPVD and avoided catheterization in each by imaging normally draining pulmonary veins. In seven infants with TAPVD proved by catheterization and surgery, the correct diagnosis was achieved prospectively by cross-sectional echocardiography, even though it was missed by M-mode in four. This study suggests that cross-sectional echocardiography can be used to rule out TAPVD when it is part of a differential diagnosis and that it can accurately diagnose TAPVD noninvasively and suggest the site of drainage.

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“…Most patients with TAPVC were found to be asymptomatic at birth and majority died within first year of life if surgical repair was not implemented. 14 In this study, 57.1% of the subjects were female but there was no statistical significant difference in the sex of studied subject. Male preponderance has been documented in some cases of TAPVC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 47%