Management of toxic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in Australia

10. Control and management of Harmful Algal Blooms

“…The management of cyanobacteria in any freshwater resource must consider the entire cycle of water through catchments, water reservoirs, treatment plants and distribution systems [71]. Appropriate management of cyanobacterial blooms is imperative to reducing their negative impacts on human and ecological health, water treatment processes and income-generating activities, including tourism and property development.…”

The occurrence and levels of cyanotoxin nodularin from Nodularia spumigena in the alkaline and salty Lake Burdur, Turkey

“…At doses below this concentration, nodularin may act as a carcinogen via the initiation and promotion of liver cell division (Pearson et al, 2010). Several cases of death and poisoning of aquatic and terrestrial animals (sheep, (Edler et al, 1985;Nehring, 1993;Steffensen et al, 1999;Kankaanpää et al, 2005). So far there have been no confirmed reports of human fatalities attributable to the N. spumigena.…”

Development of a Direct Competitive Microcystin Immunoassay of Broad Specificity

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Unfortunately, none of them have gained widespread application, which may be caused by insufficient sensitivity, unfavorable cross-reactivities and difficult availability. Most desirable would be an immunoassay of broad reactivity towards all microcystins, 6 allowing a measurement of the sum concentration of these compounds, which would be a useful index for regulatory purposes. A known monoclonal antibody 9 against microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was used in this study.…”

“…Most characteristics of M8H5 support the notion that the effective conjugation site was at amino acid (3), not at (6). If (6) would have been the conjugation site, one should expect a larger influence of the arginine at position (4).…”

“…If (6) would have been the conjugation site, one should expect a larger influence of the arginine at position (4). In addition, the loss of a methyl group at (3) seems to be of minor importance.…”