“…There is almost no justification for using self-expandable metallic airway stents (SEMAS) in the management of benign stenoses of adult and child airways. Numerous reports of severe complications from indwelling SEMAS in the trachea and bronchi [6,17,24,36,37,39,61] are found in the literature. Among long-term complications, granulation tissue formation with subsequent restenosis, mucostasis, stent-migration, stent-fracture, as well as massive and lethal haemorrhage are described.…”