Management of Ureteral Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Abstract

From April 1985 to March 1987 181 patients with ureteral stones were treated by means of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Management for proximal calculi changed from in situ ESWL treatment (group n = 27) or placement of a ureteral catheter below calculi (group II, n = 30) to retrograde stone manipulation into renal pelvis (group IV, n = 52) or ESWL treatment under intraoperative irrigation of saline in cases where repositioning failed (group III, n = 50). The best stone-free rate for upper ureteral stones was obtained in group IV with 96% after 6 weeks, presenting also the shortest hospital stay (4.2 days) and lowest quota of postoperative auxiliary procedures (2%). Stones, not being dislodged into renal pelvis (49%), could be treated successfully in 86% by irrigation with saline during ESWL (group III). The stone-free rate decreased in patients with in situ treatment (group I: 67%) or ureteral catheter placement (group II: 83%). Treatment of these stones increased the need of postoperative ancillary procedures to approximately 30%. For distal ureteral stones ESWL and preoperative Zeiss placement achieved a stone-free rate of 95%.

Does Ureteral Manipulation Improve the Effect of Extracorporeal Electromagnetic Shock Wave Treatment on Impacted Ureteral Calculi? - An Experimental Study

“…Therefore, some groups advocated a policy of ureteral manipulations that create an expansion chamber to improve disintegration [2,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. They recommended the manipulations of ure teral stenting and below-calculus irrigation through a ure teral catheter for impacted ureteral calculi, whereas others preferred a trial of in situ treatment based on a large series of patients treated effectively without ureteral catheter ization [5-7, 17, 18].…”