Management of Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognoses

Al‐Ansari, Nadhir

doi:10.4236/eng.2013.58080

Cited by 196 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Al-Mussawi [14] found the groundwater contour maps for the study area using Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods, and demonstrated the groundwater table decreasing in the direction from the west to the east. Ibrahim [15] studied the hydrochemistry of the area, and found high concentration of Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− in addition to heavy metal Zn and Al. Al-Saadi [16] classified the groundwater of Karbala Governorate according to WHO and Iraqi standards, US Salinity hazard laboratory classification [17], Wilcox specification [18], and permeability index (PI by Doneen [19]) classifications.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This importance increases enormously especially for those countries that don't have surface water. Iraq heavily relies (95%) on its surface water resources [3] [4]. It was considered as one of the richest countries in its water resources where the allocation per capita was 6029 m 3 in 1995 and dropped to 2100 m 3 in 2015 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was considered as one of the richest countries in its water resources where the allocation per capita was 6029 m 3 in 1995 and dropped to 2100 m 3 in 2015 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Recently, Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems due to the effect of climate change and building of dams upstream the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries [3] [7] [8]. With this shortage in surface water in Iraq, it becomes very important to look for another resource of fresh water, which can fulfill the requirements of both the municipal and agricultural practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq

Al-Madhlom¹,

Al‐Ansari²,

Hussain³

et al. 2017

ENG

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Iraq highly depends on its surface water resources. Now it is facing water shortage problems. For these reasons, the utilization of groundwater will be increasing with time. Karbala Governorate is located in the central part of Iraq. It covers an area of 5034 km 2 and the population exceeds one million. It is characterized by an arid or semiarid environment. Karbala Governorate lack surface water resource and consequently, groundwater is the only available resource. The main groundwater aquifer within the area is Dibdibba formation. It is composed of poorly sorted sand and sand stone with gravel. In this research hydrological and hydrogeological information were used to find out the magnitude and the direction of groundwater seepage velocity. The results indicate that groundwater flow toward the flood plain to the east of the study region. The seepage velocity ranges from 0 to 0.18 m/d, with a general increase when moving from the west to the east.

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq

Al-Madhlom¹,

Al‐Ansari²,

Hussain³

et al. 2017

ENG

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“…The country is highly vulnerable to climate change and variability because of its aridity [5]. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges confronting Iraq [6][7][8][9][10], it could have significantly adverse effects on water resources and hence the environment and economy, particularly on the agricultural sector. In recent time, Iraq has experienced several devastating climate extremes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Diyala River Basin, Iraq

Abbas¹,

Wasimi²,

Al‐Ansari³

2016

JCEA

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Diyala River is the third largest tributary of the Tigris River running 445 km length and draining an area of 32,600 km 2 .The river is the major source of water supply for Diyala City for municipal, domestic, agriculture and other purposes. Diyala River Basin currently is suffering from water scarcity and contamination problems. Up-to-date studies have shown that blue and green waters of a basin have been demonstrating increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods seemingly due to climate change. To obtain better understanding of the impacts of climate change on water resources in Diyala River Basin in near 2046~2064 and distant future 2080~2100, SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was used. The model is first examined for its capability of capturing the basin characteristics, and then, projections from six GCMs (general circulation models) are incorporated to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios: A2, A1B and B1. The results showed deteriorating water resources regime into the future.

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“…This problem is expected to be more severe in the future where the supply will be 43 BCM (billion cubic meters) and 17.61 BCM in 2015 and 2025, respectively, while the current demand is estimated between 66.8 BCM to 77 BCM [1][2][3][4][5]. In addition to all this, it has been reported that Tigris and Euphrates discharges will continue to decrease with time, and they will be completely dry by 2040 [1][2][3][4][5]. In view of this situation, wastewater treatment plants were installed to use the treated water to minimize the gap between water supply and demand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Assessment of Al-Hilla City Wastewater Treatment Plants

Alanbari¹,

Alazzawi²,

Al‐Ansari³

et al. 2015

JCEA

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Iraq is one of the countries that is suffering from water shortage problems and, for this reason, wastewater treatment plants become a necessity to minimize this problem. In this study, the impact of Al-Hilla WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) on the environment has been studied. This was achieved using SimaPro software package. This software is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. The results of LCA (life cycle assessment) showed that the impact and damage on the environment by Al-Hilla WWTP was 41 bad points for each 1 m 3 of treated wastewater. The most environmental impacts potentially were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy. The study also showed that most of the effects were the result of the use of cement, steel and electricity consumption.

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Management of Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognoses

Cited by 196 publications

References 8 publications

Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq

Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq

Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Diyala River Basin, Iraq

Environmental Assessment of Al-Hilla City Wastewater Treatment Plants

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