Management of Women who Present with T4 Breast Cancer

Poole, Galen V.; Thigpen, J.T.; Vance, Ralph B.; Barber, William H.; Witherspoon, Laura E.; Fuhrman, George M.; Eustis, T. Chadwick; Feliciano, David V.

doi:10.1177/000313480407000802

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While analyzing the clinical stage of Carcinoma breast, based on Tumor size, Lymph Nodes and Metastasis (TNM) system of clinical staging, the tumors varied in size between 2cm to 14cm. Only nine (9) patients were in early stage of disease and the rest of the 91 patients were in Stage II, III and IV. Majority of the cases were found in stage III while 16% patients were having stage-IV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early detection of breast cancer is crucial and should be prioritized at all costs 8 . When caught early, breast cancer can be cured with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy 9 . Identifying disease at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Received on 24-06-2022 Accepted on 17-10-2022 is the focus of this discussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Hameed¹,

Afzal²,

Rafique³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. Practical implication Community based effective awareness and prompt screening programme will improve better outcomes in breast cancer management. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Hameed¹,

Afzal²,

Rafique³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While analyzing the clinical stage of Carcinoma breast, based on Tumor size, Lymph Nodes and Metastasis (TNM) system of clinical staging, the tumors varied in size between 2 cm to 14 cm. Only nine (9) patients were in early stage of disease and the rest of the 91 patients were in Stage II, III and IV. Majority of the cases were found in stage III while 16% patients were having stage-IV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 When caught early, breast cancer can be cured with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. 9 Identifying disease at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Received on 12-06-2022 Accepted on 24-10-2022 is the focus of this discussion. Lacking a comprehensive tumor registry system, it is challenging to define the breast cancer epidemiology in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Hameed¹,

Afzal²,

Rafique³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. The histological hallmark most frequently attested by examination of slides was infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and this was the case in 87% of the cases. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor

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Breast carcinoma with noninflammatory skin involvement (T4b)

Güth

Wight

Schötzau³

et al. 2005

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDIn this study, the authors evaluated the clinical presentation of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, analyzed the impact of noninflammatory skin involvement on long‐term survival, and addressed the question whether the T4 tumor category still has any justification.METHODSThe clinical course of a study group of 119 patients with skin involvement was compared with the outcome of a control group of 299 consecutive patients who had tumors of the same size but without skin involvement. All tumors were stratified into 1 of 4 subsets according to greatest tumor dimension, as follows: Group A, ≤ 3.0 cm; Group B, 3.1–5.0 cm; Group C, 5.1–10.0 cm; and Group D, > 10.0 cm.RESULTSThe study group distribution of patients within the size subsets were as follows: Group A, 26.1%; Group B, 24.3%; Group C, 26.1%; and Group D, 23.5%. Differences in disease‐specific survival between the tumor size subsets were significant (Groups A and B vs. Groups C and D; P < 0.0001). In contrast to large tumors (> 5.0 cm), carcinomas ≤ 5.0 cm showed no statistical significant differences in disease‐specific survival between study group patients and control group patients (Group A: P = 0.17; Group B: P = 0.31).CONCLUSIONSThere is a broad range of clinicopathologic breast carcinoma entities within the T4b category. For > 50% of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, the feature noninflammatory skin involvement had no significant prognostic impact. Approximately 25% of patients had an extent of disease similar to that observed in patients with Stage I–II disease and, thus, falsely were considered to have more advanced disease. Heterogeneity and a lack of prognostic significance suggest that a revision of the T4 category, a relic of historic tumor classifications, is necessary. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

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Management of Women who Present with T4 Breast Cancer

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Breast carcinoma with noninflammatory skin involvement (T4b)

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