Local authorities have a very important role in preserving natural resources and achieving the concept of sustainable development. Leadership, but primarily sustainable leadership, plays a major role in the management of natural resources. Sustainability at local level refers not only to environmental issues such as the conservation of natural resources, energy and environment but also efforts to involve the community in the processes, develop organizational capacities and promote the principles of sustainable development. This research analyses the importance and role of the leadership of local self-government in the preservation of natural resources and the realization of the concept of sustainable development. The research was performed in local governments on the territory of Eastern Serbia. The correlation method is used to determine the interrelation between leadership and sustainable management of natural resources and practical application of the basic principles of sustainable development.