“…A common theme involves thinking about impact during the processes of undertaking the research itself as opposed to afterwards (Doyle, 2018;Woolcott et al, 2020). Such engagement includes: situated, relational and ongoing interactions and creating space for generative dialogue (Johnson & Orr, 2020), broadening participation, initiating consortia, building impact evaluation groups, mentoring (e.g., Haley et al, 2017), promoting engaged scholarship (see Van de Ven &Johnson, 2006), dialogue, praxis, andreflexivity (MacIntosh et al, 2017), sabbaticals in business practice (Aguinis et al, 2014, p. 627) and more 'Mode 2' research (Gibbons et al, 1994), all of which should be carried out over long time periods (Upadhyaya & Pillai, 2019). These academic-practitioner engagement activities underpin the view that 'impact is a process, not (solely) an outcome' (MacIntosh et al, 2017;Perkmann et al, 2013) and reflect a perspective that impact is the process by which research makes a difference, rather than the product of having made a difference (Doyle, 2018).…”