Management strategies for coastal erosion problems in west Africa: Analysis, issues, and constraints drawn from the examples of Senegal and Benin

Ndour, Abdoulaye; Laibi, R.; Sadio, Mamadou; Degbe, Cossi Georges Epiphane; Diaw, Amadou Tahirou; Oyede, L.M.; Anthony, Edward J.; Dussouillez, Philippe; Sambou, Hyacinthe; Diéye, El Hadji Balla

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.09.001

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Senegal has witnessed dramatic changes along its coast, due to man-made interference, but also linked more or less directly to climatic factors, the most important of which are flooding, coastal erosion, soil salinization, mangrove degradation, and changes in fishing regimes (Amara et al 2019;Ndour et al 2018). These environmental changes threaten the livelihoods of the approximately 600,000 people directly or indirectly working in the Senegalese fishing industry (FAO 2008).…”

Section: Context Of Guet Ndar Saint-louismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renowned for its skilled fishermen and almost exclusively dependent on the fishing sector, the small sandy spit of land 8 is wedged between the Atlantic Ocean and the Senegal river, a short walk across the bridge from the most famous sites of the former French colonial capital. Several thousand people live together in tightly packed living conditions in one of the most densely populated districts in West Africa, with limited space and land continually shrinking due to sea level rise and coastal erosion (Cormier-Salem 2014; Ndour et al 2018).…”

Section: Context Of Guet Ndar Saint-louismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Keeping People in Place: Political Factors of (Im)mobility and Climate Change

Zickgraf

2019

Social Sciences

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While those 'trapped' or who choose to stay in areas affected by climate change represent a substantial policy issue, there only a small amount of empirical work specifically targeting such populations. The scant attention that is afforded to immobility often emphasizes financial constraints as factors driving (involuntary) immobility. As an essential part of the mobility spectrum, the complexity of immobility in crisis, including its political dimensions, warrants thorough investigation. In response to these gaps, this contribution locates environmental immobility within mobilities studies, its conceptual complexities, and, finally, illustrates the importance of political factors in shaping (im)mobilities. The findings are based on semi-structured interviews conducted in two developing countries experiencing the impacts of climate change. We delve into the socio-cultural and economic nature of (im)mobilities as they interact with political forces, specifically by exploring international bilateral agreements (Senegal) and a relocation program (Vietnam). In political spaces that are dominated by a desire to limit human mobility and (re)produce stasis, we challenge traditional dichotomies between mobile/immobile and sedentary/migration polices by underlining how policy interventions can simultaneously promote mobility and immobility, demonstrating complex co-existing mobilities. Keeping people in place can, in fact, mean allowing the very same people to move.

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Section: Context Of Guet Ndar Saint-louismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Context Of Guet Ndar Saint-louismentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping People in Place: Political Factors of (Im)mobility and Climate Change

Zickgraf

2019

Social Sciences

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“…Based on a detailed analysis of remote sensing data and verified ground truth, Kaki et al [17] observed a coastal erosion of nearly 500 m between 1963 and 2005 in the same area. In this case, the coastal erosion is mainly due to (i) the obstruction of the littoral transit by the deep-water harbour and its pier built in the early 1960s, (ii) the decreasing transport of river sediments from the upstream catchment (Mono River) since the construction of the Nangbéto Dam in 1987, and (iii) the decrease in sedimentary inputs from the West because of diverse coastal protection structures [18][19][20]. Moreover, activities of sand quarries and beach sand mining [17,21] have amplified the phenomenon in Benin, as in Ghana [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in other parts of the world, the coast of the Gulf of Guinea concentrates the biggest cities of the region and a large proportion of the population [29,30]). Coastal areas, characterised by high-density populations [31,32] are growing rapidly, notably because of rural-urban migration inflows [20,33]. Worldwide, a large proportion of urban expansion is taking place as informal settlements in areas exposed to environmental hazards (low-lying places, coastal areas …) [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of and responses to coastal erosion risks: The case of Cotonou in Benin

Longueville

Hountondji

Assogba

et al. 2020

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Intensive erosion has affected the coastal zone of Cotonou for several decades. An analysis of satellite images showed an average coastline retreat of 115 m in the study area over the period 2002-2013 with several hundred houses destroyed. Since 2014, a stabilisation of the coastline is observed. This study aimed at identifying the atrisk population and at analysing the perceptions of people who experience and those who manage coastal erosion risk, as well as the responses adopted. Based on four criteria and their hierarchy, we identified five profiles of inhabitants in this risk zone. (1) Wealthy people who leave the zone when they are affected or (2) fall into the category of people in danger in case they cannot migrate. (3) Fishermen who deliberately stay near the sea. (4) The most precarious people, trapped in the risk zone. Finally, (5) poor newcomers who continually increase the at-risk population. With the recent stabilisation of the coastline, the national authorities manage the "hazard" component of the risk. However, the majority of the population is not serene. The anthropogenic stress linked to evictions gradually replaced the stress to be engulfed by the sea. We conclude that the "vulnerability" component of the risk is not yet resolved. All categories of the population in this sensitive area need to be secured. Cooperation among multiple levels of governance, the application of land use planning regulations and of the Kampala Convention and the involvement of local communities are all measures which will enable to meet this objective.

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“…The opening of the river mouths occurs during strong stream flow (Anthony and Blivi, ; Cooper, ), whereas closure is produced during the season of largest waves and longshore transport (Rice, ), although storm‐induced breaching may occur in these environments as well (Green et al ., ). Anthropogenic breaching may be performed for flood regulation as in the cases of the mouths of the Senegal (Sadio et al ., ) and Mono (Ndour et al ., ) River deltas (West Africa) or at Mecox Pond (East Coast United States) (Smith and Zarillo, ; Deroin et al ., ), or to facilitate fish migration during the dry season in California, when the mouths of many estuaries are closed by longshore drift (Kraus et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and closure of the Big Breach of Sacalin spit associated with extreme shoreline retreat and shoreface erosion

Zăinescu

Vespremeanu‐Stroe

Tătui

2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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We document a case of exceptionally large natural breaching of a sandy spit (Sacalin spit, Danube Delta) using multiannual to seasonal surveys of topography and bathymetry on successive cross-barrier and shoreface profiles, LiDAR data, satellite imagery, and wind and wave data.The large breach, which quickly reached 3.4 km in May 2014, is attributed to morphological preconditioning of the narrow (50-150 m) barrier, which was susceptible to breaching even during moderate storm conditions. The event switched the barrier's decadal evolution from low cross-shore transport to high cross-shore transport over the barrier, which is an order of magnitude larger than during the non-breach period. Upper shoreface erosion, as indicated by the extensive erosion down to À4 m, indicates that this zone is a significant source for the rebuilding of the barrier. Barrier recovery and widening trigger a negative feedback which limits the back-barrier sediment transfer. As a result, back-barrier deposition decreases whilst the barrier aggradation through overwash becomes more frequent.The Big Breach (TBB) closed naturally in three years. The very high deposition rate of sediment in the breach is a testimony of the high sediment volumes supplied by the longshore transport and the high sediment released through shoreface retreat, and resulted in widening the barrier to a maximum of 1 km. Since the newly-formed barrier shoreline retreated 500 m, this reveals that barrier breaching is an important mechanism which significantly accelerates the landward migration of the barrier system and is a proof of the highly non-linear morphodynamics involved in the barrier island translation.

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Management strategies for coastal erosion problems in west Africa: Analysis, issues, and constraints drawn from the examples of Senegal and Benin

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Keeping People in Place: Political Factors of (Im)mobility and Climate Change

Keeping People in Place: Political Factors of (Im)mobility and Climate Change

Perceptions of and responses to coastal erosion risks: The case of Cotonou in Benin

The formation and closure of the Big Breach of Sacalin spit associated with extreme shoreline retreat and shoreface erosion

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