Management Strategies to Reduce Heat Stress in Sheep

Lees, A. M.; Lees, J. C.; Sejian, Veerasamy; Gaughan, J. B.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4714-5_17

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Short fleece in solar radiation: The fleece provides insulating protection to the animal by reducing radiative heat gain in warm environments. This means that, in high ambient temperatures, shorn animals are more vulnerable to solar radiation and may experience heat stress (Lees et al., 2017). –PRE: To prevent this hazard, shade should be provided during and loading and unloading of the animals. …”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fleece provides insulating protection to the animal by reducing radiative heat gain in warm environments. This means that, in high ambient temperatures, shorn animals are more vulnerable to solar radiation and may experience heat stress (Lees et al, 2017).…”

Section: Short Fleece In Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of shorn sheep, routine wetting practices may be adopted prior to loading. Water application can be used in two methods: direct application to the animal and application to the surface of the pen (Lees et al., 2017). Handlers should be aware that handling animals in hot conditions causes animals to fatigue quickly.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with the protection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) during transport. The main focus is on welfare of sheep during transport by road but other means of transport and concerns for welfare of goats during transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of sheep during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of sheep during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, predation stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A wide variety of hazards, mainly relating to inappropriate or aggressive handling of animals, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices, leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time were assessed in relation to maximum journey time. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to the export of sheep by livestock vessels, export of sheep by road, roll-on-roll-off vessels and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Short Fleece In Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Morphological and physiological features in small ruminants: an adaptation strategy for survival under changing climatic conditions

Danmaigoro,

Muhammad,

Abubakar

et al. 2024

Int J Biometeorol

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Feed additives supplementation: a potential strategy to ameliorate heat stress in sheep

Binuni Rebez,

Sejian,

Silpa

et al. 2024

Annals of Animal Science

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Given a significant climate-flexible and socio-economic role in developing nations, environmental heat stress imposes a major financial impact on sheep production systems globally endangering their production, reproduction, and growth. In this regard, the adverse effects of heat stress on sheep production systems have to be addressed through adoption of effective heat alleviation measures like animal management, nutritional management and genetic interventions of which the nutritional interventions seems to be the most cost effective way to alleviate heat stress. Nutritional manipulation for heat stress alleviation in sheep involves the use of antioxidant supplements (Vitamin B; Vitamin E and Selenium; Selenium; Zinc sulphate and folic acid; Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Zinc; Naringin; Opuntia ficus-indica f. inermis; Açai oil and Brown seaweed like Ascophyllum nodosum and Sargassum latifolium). Further, electrolyte supplements (Dietary Electrolyte Balance (DEB); Sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate; Sodium hydroxide) have a beneficial effect on thermal responses, respiratory activities, gas exchange parameters, rumen fermentation, blood buffering capacity and acid-base balance. The mineral mixture supplements (Mineral blocks; Mineral mixture and antioxidants; Chromium; Zinc) play a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of antioxidant defence system, immunity-related parameters, production, reproduction, feed digestibility and insulin sensitivity. Probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cervisiae, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Pediococcus cerevisiae, Megaspha eraelsdenii, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus oryzae, Schizochytrium limacinum, Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improve lactational performance, dietary energy utilization and productivity. The probiotics (live Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide plus b-glucans) used in heat stress alleviation improve dietary energy utilisation. Furthermore, the vital role of herbal supplements (Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric, Clove, Naringin, Chestnut tannins, Giloy stem powder, Curcumin, Rocket oil (watercress oil), Flaxseed, Cornus, Oregano, Thyme, Chamomile flowers, Moringa oleifera, Betaine) has been highlighted to promote feed intake, antioxidant status, growth performance, feed utilization, reproductive performance and immune response. Effective adoption of nutritional strategies can thus ensure sustainable sheep production in this changing climate scenario.

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Management Strategies to Reduce Heat Stress in Sheep

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Welfare of small ruminants during transport

Morphological and physiological features in small ruminants: an adaptation strategy for survival under changing climatic conditions

Feed additives supplementation: a potential strategy to ameliorate heat stress in sheep

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