Management Strategies using Phytoextracts and Fungicides Against Cercospora Leaf Spot of Mungbean Incited by Cercospora canescens under in vitro and in vivo Conditions

Abstract

Background: Cercospora leaf spot of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)] caused by Cercospora canescens. It has become a severe menace to the growers of Rajasthan in India and in general causes economic losses under changing climatic scenario. Depending upon the temperature and humidity, it spreads rapidly in susceptible varieties causing premature defoliation and reduction in size of pods and grains. In this study management was taken through botanicals and fungicides is also an important segment in the present era, in view of hazards caused by toxic chemicals or being developed resistance in pathogens to fungicides and effective means for disease control. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during kharif 2018 and kharif 2019 at Agronomy Farm, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The experiment was conducted for seven plant extracts at 5, 10 and 15 per cent concentrations were evaluated in vitro by poisoned food technique. In field experiments, further these fungicides applied as different concentrations viz., 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% and plant extracts (at 10% conc.) were assessed by two foliar applications to control the disease. Result: Experiment was carried out in laboratory and field condition. In Plant extracts, the 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth was obtained with garlic extract at 10% concentration. In field conditions, two foliar applications of Hexaconazole (0.1%) were proved the most effective in reducing disease intensity (55.58%) and in increasing crop yield (56.50%) followed by Hexaconazole + Captan. In plant extracts, garlic extract (10%) proved superior in reducing disease intensity (52.85%) and in increasing crop yield (33.96%) followed by neem leaf extract.

Morpho-cultural, pathological and molecular variability in Phloeospora maculans causing leaf spot of mulberry (Morus species) in India

“…Signi cant variation was recorded in morphological and cultural characteristics viz., colony texture, margins and colour, colour change in media, colony diameter, growth rate and spore characteristics in different isolates of P. maculans. Variations in cultural characteristics have also been observed in isolates of Cercospora kikuchii [27] Cercospora canesens [29], Cercospora beticola and P. paramaculans [30] and P. salmali [31,32] In order to discern the variability at molecular level, studies on pathogen were conducted for the rst time using ISSR markers. Out of 15 ISSR primers, ve polymorphic ISSR primers used in present study revealed a high level of polymorphism in different isolates of P. maculans in Kashmir, which indicated that these markers are suitable for studying the genetic diversity in mulberry leaf spot pathogen.…”

“…Out of 15 ISSR primers, ve polymorphic ISSR primers used in present study revealed a high level of polymorphism in different isolates of P. maculans in Kashmir, which indicated that these markers are suitable for studying the genetic diversity in mulberry leaf spot pathogen. Various researchers have also reported ISSR markers suitable for studying the genetic diversity in different phytopathogenic fungi [29,33,34]. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values varied from 0.219 to 0.395 in different ISSR primers with the highest value of 0.395 in primer number UBC-889 followed bu UBC-840 with PIC value of 0.350 indicating their suitability for studying the genetic variation in this pathogen.…”