Management Tools to Reduce Carnivore-Livestock Conflicts: Current Gap and Future Challenges

Moreira‐Arce, Darío; Ugarte, Carolina S.; Zorondo-Rodríguez, Francisco; Simonetti, Javier A.

doi:10.1016/j.rama.2018.02.005

Cited by 60 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings also suggest that livestock age needs to be considered when preventive measures are employed to reduce animal predation. For instance, the use of measures such as enclosures to protect animals after calving season may be a feasible solution to reduce susceptibility to predation on young animals by large carnivores (Moreira-Arce et al, 2018).…”

Section: Figure 4 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carnivore-livestock conflict poses an urgent challenge in heavily-cleared landscapes where the requirements of carnivore populations are often at odds with those of human activities (Dickman, 2010). Whereas, livestock husbandry practices have recently received attention by conservationist and wildlife managers to mitigate the conflict in these landscapes (Miller et al, 2016;Eklund et al, 2017;Van Eeden et al, 2017;Moreira-Arce et al, 2018), ecological characteristics of carnivores that prey on domestic animals have rarely been considered (Graham et al, 2005;Miller, 2015). For instance, in mosaic landscapes containing natural and anthropogenic lands, carnivores displaying large home-ranges and wide habitat requirements are expected to wander frequently in areas associated with livestock managed under extensive grazing systems (Balme et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ecological Attributes of Carnivore-Livestock Conflict

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Figure 4 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Attributes of Carnivore-Livestock Conflict

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The rationale for reducing human-bear conflicts through hunting is not that it will necessarily remove specific bears involved in conflicts, but rather that it can control population size, and it seems intuitive that fewer bears would create fewer conflicts. Studies of lethal killing of other depredating carnivores have often been inconclusive in terms of resulting conflicts in part because most did not evaluate effects on population size, and moreover, reduction of one carnivore sometimes caused replacement by others [28][29][30]. However, Herfindal [31] found that recreational hunting that intended and succeeded in reducing the population of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) reduced depredations on domestic sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population reduction by hunting helps control human–wildlife conflicts for a species that is a conservation success story

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the world's large Carnivores, American black bears (Ursus americanus) are the foremost conservation success story. Populations have been expanding across North America because the species is adaptable and tolerant of living near people, and because management agencies in the U.S. and Canada controlled hunting and other human-sources of mortality. As a result, human-black bear conflicts (damage to property, general nuisance, threat to human safety) have dramatically increased in some areas, making it urgently important to develop and deploy a variety of mitigation tools. Previous studies claimed that legal hunting did not directly reduce conflicts, but they did not evaluate whether hunting controlled conflicts via management of population size. Here, we compared temporal patterns of phonedin complaints about black bears (total~63,500) in Minnesota, USA, over 4 decades to corresponding bear population estimates: both doubled during the first decade. We also quantified natural bear foods, and found that large year-to-year fluctuations affected numbers of complaints; however, since this variation is due largely to weather, this factor cannot be managed. Complaints fell sharply when the management agency (1) shifted more responsibility for preventing and mitigating conflicts to the public; and (2) increased hunting pressure to reduce the bear population. This population reduction was more extreme than intended, however, and after hunting pressure was curtailed, population regrowth was slower than anticipated; consequently both population size and complaints remained at relatively low levels statewide for 2 decades (although with local hotspots). These long-term data indicated that conflicts can be kept in tolerable bounds by managing population size through hunting; but due to the bluntness of this instrument and deficiencies and uncertainties in monitoring and manipulating populations, it is wiser to maintain a population at a level where conflicts are socially-acceptable than try to reduce it once it is well beyond that point.

show abstract

“…Finally, our research used an experimental design that is rare in testing methods that reduce carnivore–livestock conflict (Miller et al , Eklund et al , Scasta et al , Moreira‐Arce et al , van Eeden et al ). Though important, carrying out experiment‐based studies requires several steps often not possible when conducting research on conflict with carnivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap: Experimental tests to improve efficacy of fladry for nonlethal management of coyotes

Young

Draper

Breck³

2019

Wildl. Soc. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are the top predator of livestock in the contiguous United States. Developing more effective nonlethal tools to prevent coyote depredation will facilitate coexistence between livestock producers and coyotes. Fladry is a nonlethal deterrent designed to defend livestock by creating a visual barrier to wolves (C. lupus). Fladry may also be effective with coyotes, but large gap spacing between flags may reduce its efficacy. To address this issue, we performed 2 experiments on captive coyotes using fladry modified to reduce gap spacing at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Predator Research Facility in Millville, Utah, USA, during 2015–2016 and 2017–2018. In 2015–2016, we tested 2 styles for attaching flags (top‐knot and shower‐curtain) to the rope‐line that reduce gaps by preventing coiling of individual flags. In 2017–2018, we tested the efficacy of gap spacing (27.9 cm vs. 45.7 cm) between flags for preventing coyote crossings. For both tests, we compared the time until coyotes crossed the fladry between treatment types. We found no differences in time to crossing between the 2 attachment designs. In our second experiment, fladry with smaller gaps between flags had greater efficacy of preventing coyote crossings than did fladry with larger gaps. Our results also indicated that for each additional minute coyotes spent interacting with fladry overall (i.e., increased persistent behavior), survival of the barrier decreased. These results suggest that persistent coyotes may overcome neophobia more rapidly than coyotes that do not exhibit persistent behaviors. Furthermore, use of top‐knot fladry and coyote‐width spacing will increase protection of livestock from coyotes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.

show abstract

Management Tools to Reduce Carnivore-Livestock Conflicts: Current Gap and Future Challenges

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Ecological Attributes of Carnivore-Livestock Conflict

Ecological Attributes of Carnivore-Livestock Conflict

Population reduction by hunting helps control human–wildlife conflicts for a species that is a conservation success story

Mind the gap: Experimental tests to improve efficacy of fladry for nonlethal management of coyotes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About