“…During the 1990s, the introduction of economic and managerial knowledge in cultural and arts organizations was extensively debated in disciplines such as economics (Moore, 1968;Throsby and Whiters, 1979;Peacock et al, 1982;Baumol and Baumol, 1985;Di Maggio, 1991;Frey, 1994;Towse, 1997;Caves, 2000), curatorship (Wilson, 1989;Boylan, 1992;Moore, 1994;Janes, 1995;Edwards, 1996;Van Hemel and Van der Wielen, 1997;Cannon-Brookes, 1998;Bennett, 2001), and management studies (Nantel and Colbert, 1992;Carnagie and Wolnizer, 1996;Rentschler and Potter, 1996;Christiansen and Skaerbaek, 1997;Fitzgibbon and Kelly, 1997;Clarke et al, 1999;Gilhespy, 1999;Botti, 2000;Zan, 2002Zan, , 2006; see Mariani and Zan, 2011, p. 118 for a review). This was part of a broader debate concerning the transfer (some would prefer the word 'colonization') of managerial practices and economic discourses from the private to the public sector that was taking place under the pressures of New Public Management policies, which promoted a smaller public sector and focused intensively on efficiency and continuous improvement (Gruening, 2001;Pollitt, 2001;Lapsley, 2008).…”