This paper studies the impact of debt governance on …rms' risk shifting behavior. We construct …rm-level debt governance indices using corporate bond indenture provisions, and a market-based risk shifting measure estimated using a contingent-claim framework. We …rst document that …rms with strong debt governance subsequently lower business risk relative to their industry peers, and this relationship mainly exists among …rms with high default probability. Further evidence suggests that debt governance plays an important role in mitigating the impact of managerial risk-taking incentives on risk shifting. Higher sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock volatility (Vega) is signi…cantly positively related to risk shifting, but this e¤ect is signi…cantly weakened when strong debt governance is in place. Also, bondholders appear to bene…t from the impact of debt governance on risk shifting. Higher Vega is associated with higher credit spreads for bonds under weak debt governance. Under strong debt governance, higher Vega is associated with signi…cantly lower credit spreads.
JEL classi…cation: G13, G30, G32, J33Keywords: Risk shifting, default risk, debt governance, managerial incentiveThe authors are grateful for helpful comments from Kose John and Peter Tind Larsen. We would also like to thank seminar participants at University of Aarhus. Any remaining errors are the authors'responsibility.