Managing CO2 emission from groundwater pumping for irrigating major crops in trans indo-gangetic plains of India

Patle, G. T.; Singh, Devendra; Sarangi, A.; Khanna, Manoj

doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1624-2

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Energy consumption and its associated costs and greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by improving pumping efficiency [7]. In a study in central Tunisia, improving pumping efficiency was found to result in 33% cost reduction on average [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of data in this field is most probably due to large human, technical, and financial resources required to carry out field evaluations of pumping plants. As a result, many previous life cycle assessment studies have assumed or approximated pumping efficiencies in their analysis as opposed to using measured values [2][3][4]7,10]. This study combines efficiencies measured through field audits with greenhouse gas analysis and uses the results to explore long-term effects of changing groundwater levels on energy costs and emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

et al. 2019

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Irrigation pumping is a major expense of agricultural operations, especially in arid/semi-arid areas that extract large amounts of water from deep groundwater resources. Studying and improving pumping efficiencies can have direct impacts on farm net profits and on the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from pumping plants. In this study, the overall pumping efficiency (OPE), the GHG emissions, and the costs of irrigation pumping were investigated for electric pumps extracting from the Rush Springs (RS) aquifer in central Oklahoma and the natural gas-powered pumps tapping the Ogallala (OG) aquifer in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The results showed that all electric plants and the majority of natural gas plants operated at OPE levels below achievable standard levels. The total emission from the plants in the OG region was 49% larger than that from plants in the RS region. However, the emission per unit irrigated area and unit total dynamic head of pumping was 4% smaller for the natural gas plants in the OG area. A long-term analysis conducted over the 2001–2017 period revealed that 34% and 19% reductions in energy requirements and 52% and 20% decreases in GHG emissions can be achieved if the OPE were improved to achievable standards for plants in the RS and OG regions, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

et al. 2019

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“…We estimated CO 2 emissions due to groundwater pumping considering 30% and 40% pumping efficiency (Nelson et al, ; Patle et al, ; Shah, ; Wang et al, ). We used four (0.62, 0.95, 1.01, and 1.49 kgCO 2e /kWh) emission factors in our analysis (Karimi et al, ; Nelson et al, ; Patle et al, ; Shah, ; Tyson et al, ; Wang et al, ). Pumping of 1,000‐m 3 groundwater per 1‐m lift using an electric pump releases between 4.22 to 13.52 kg CO 2 , considering 30% or 40% pump efficiency of electric pumps, and a emission factor between 0.62 to 1.49 kgCO 2e /kWh, assuming electricity from fossil fuel sources (Table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that groundwater was pumped using electric pumps except for a few states (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar) where it is dominated by diesel pumps. We estimated CO 2 emissions due to groundwater pumping considering 30% and 40% pumping efficiency (Nelson et al, 2009;Patle et al, 2016;Shah, 2009;Wang et al, 2012). We used four (0.62, 0.95, 1.01, and 1.49 kgCO 2e /kWh) emission factors in our analysis (Karimi et al, 2012;Nelson et al, 2009;Patle et al, 2016;Shah, 2009;Tyson et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Estimates Of Co 2 Emissions Due To Pumping Energy Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater (GW) depletion in India estimated using well and GRACE data sets. (a) mean annual trend in groundwater level (cm/year) during 1996-2016 estimated using well data from Central Ground Water Board, (b) trend in mean annual groundwater anomalies (cm/year) estimated using the GRACE satellite data for 2002-2016 period, (c) groundwater storage anomaly aggregated for all the districts that show groundwater depletion based on Central Ground Water Board well data and ensemble mean of GRACE products (Centre for Space Research, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Deutsches GeoForschungs Zentrum) for2002-2016 shows statistically significant trend at 5% level. GRACE = Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO₂ Emissions in India

et al. 2018

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India, the world's largest groundwater user, withdraws about 230‐billion‐m3 groundwater annually for irrigation. Excessive groundwater pumping in India leads to rapid groundwater depletion and CO2 emissions. Here using multiple data sources (observation wells and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment) to estimate groundwater depletion in India, as well as the associated chemistry and the pumping energy requirements, we provide the first estimate of the potential CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate extraction (CO2 release due to lowering of groundwater table) and groundwater pumping. We show that combined annual CO2 release due to bicarbonate extraction and pumping in India is approximately 32.01–131.74 million tons (31.29–131.02 million tons for pumping and 0.72 million tons for bicarbonate). The total estimated groundwater depletion in India is in the range of 122 to 199 billion m3 from the observation wells (1996–2016) and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (2002–2016). The CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate (~0.72 million tons/year) are dominated by those due to groundwater pumping (31.29–131.02 million tons/year) in India. However, the total (pumping and bicarbonate) estimated annual CO2 emission from groundwater is less than 2–7% of the total (annual) CO2 emission from India. Based on our unique data set collected from more than 500 farmers in Punjab, we show that a low‐cost intervention for irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture information can provide a sustainable solution by reducing groundwater pumping and CO2 emissions. The environmental problem of groundwater depletion in India is much more serious than the associated CO2 emissions, and hence, there is an urgent need for a regulation of groundwater use.

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Reduction of Energy Consumption in Agriculture for Sustainable Green Future

Kumar

Singh

Meena

et al. 2021

Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security

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Managing CO2 emission from groundwater pumping for irrigating major crops in trans indo-gangetic plains of India

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO₂ Emissions in India

Reduction of Energy Consumption in Agriculture for Sustainable Green Future

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Managing CO2 emission from groundwater pumping for irrigating major crops in trans indo-gangetic plains of India

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO2 Emissions in India

Reduction of Energy Consumption in Agriculture for Sustainable Green Future

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Product

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Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO₂ Emissions in India