Managing Compliance: Types of Power in Juvenile and Adult Probation and Parole Supervision

Jail Officers’ Adherence to Traditional Bases of Social Power: Understanding Inmate Control in a Unique Correctional Context

“…One item for each base of power replicated those used by Hepburn (1985), with minor grammatical revisions. Two additional items measuring each base of power were similar to those employed in prior studies of power in corrections (Bolin et al, 2019; Ferdik & Smith, 2016; Steiner et al, 2012). Importantly, we included two items under referent power that expand the concept.…”

“…Our analysis began with the same approach used in prior work (e.g., Bolin et al, 2019; Steiner & Wooldredge, 2018; Stichman & Gordon, 2015; Wooldredge & Steiner, 2016), revealing the extent to which officers endorse each base of social power. Subsequently, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to better understand patterns of support across types of power, and we computed multinomial logistic regression models to examine the covariates of the resulting latent classes.…”

“…In addressing the latter two issues, we depart substantially from the prior research on bases of power in corrections. Previously, scholars have documented what types of power officers perceive as important, then developed and tested hypotheses about these views as a consequence of other concepts (Bolin et al, 2019; Ferdik & Smith, 2016; Gordon & Stichman, 2016; Hepburn, 1985) or as a predictor of work-related experiences, behaviors, and perceptions (Bolin et al, 2019; Ellison & Gainey, 2020; Steiner et al 2012; Steiner & Wooldredge, 2018; Stichman & Gordon, 2015; Wooldredge & Steiner, 2016). Instead, we explore the identifiable, though latent, groups into which officers tend to fall based on the types of power they embrace.…”

Transforming juvenile behavior through reward and punishment approaches

“…Generally, basic concept of reward is to bring enjoyment to individuals, while punishment upsets the person and causes him to abstain from misbehaving again (Altikriti, 2021;Davis, Hennes, & Raymond, 2018). Different types of rewards can be given (Altikriti, 2021;Bolin, Ouellette, & Applegate, 2019;Borek & Abraham, 2018) in the form of gifts, food of choice, certain privileges and praise and appreciation while punishments may include scolding, caning, taking away privileges and so on.…”

“…Most juveniles come from this age group, therefore, it can be said that rewards can positively impact their behavior. Bolin et al (2019), too, felt that while trying to shape the juveniles' behavior inside rehabilitation school, it needs appropriate methods, such as rewards and punishment. Therefore, it can be said that any form of reward and punishment should be okay, as reward encourages good behavior, while punishment prevents unwanted behavior.…”