Managing human resources across cultures: a comparative analysis of practices in industrial enterprises in China and The Netherlands

Verburg, Robert M.; Drenth, P.J.D.; Koopman, P.L.; Muijen, J.J. van; Wang, Z.M.

doi:10.1080/095851999340396

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Measures of variability of behavior are as readily available as measures of means and should also be reported in cross-cultural studies. The notion that organizational cultures differ on the extent to which they emphasize rules and predictability versus flexibility and experimentation has a long history in the organizational sciences (Litwin & Stringer, 1968;O'Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991;O'Reilly & Chatman, 1996;Quinn, 1988;Rousseau, 1990 shown that flexibility and experimentation versus rule orientation is a central dimension of organizational culture (Dastmalchian, Lee, & Ng, 2000;Hofstede, Neuijen, Ohayv, & Sanders, 1990;Verberg, Drenth, Koopman, van Muijen, and Wang, 1999).…”

Section: Societal Tightness-looseness and Cross-level Effects On Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.

Gelfand

Nishii

Raver

2006

Journal of Applied Psychology

827

910

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Cross-cultural research is dominated by the use of values despite their mixed empirical support and their limited theoretical scope. This article expands the dominant paradigm in cross-cultural research by developing a theory of cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within societies) and by advancing a multilevel research agenda for future research. Through an exploration of the top-down, bottom-up, and moderating impact that cultural tightness-looseness has on individuals and organizations, as well as on variance at multiple levels of analysis, the theory provides a new and complementary perspective to the values approach.

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Section: Societal Tightness-looseness and Cross-level Effects On Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.

Gelfand

Nishii

Raver

2006

Journal of Applied Psychology

827

910

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“…For example, China is a more collectivist society than Western countries (Verburg et al, 1999). It is known that people in collectivist societies put more weight on social norms, support networks and helping each other.…”

Section: Differences In Chinese Consumer Perceptions Of Csrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer perceptions of CSR: (how) is China different?

Kolk

Dolen

2015

International Marketing Review

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Purpose -Most studies on consumers and CSR have focused on Western contexts. Consequently, good insight is lacking into non-Western markets where consumers may respond differently. China is a case in point, despite the popularity of the CSR concept and high societal expectations of firms. This article examines how Chinese consumers perceive the underlying components of CSR found in Western countries; whether their CSR expectations differ for local Chinese compared to foreign firms; and whether results differ across regions within China.Design/methodology/approach -A country-wide study was done using a questionnaire to collect data in seven distinctive regional markets across China.Findings -Findings show that the originally Western CSR construct seems generalizable to China, but consumers across all regions perceive two rather than four components: one combining economic and legal responsibilities (labelled 'required CSR') and another combining ethical and philanthropic responsibilities ('expected CSR'). Consumers expect local Chinese firms to take more responsibility than foreign firms, particularly for required CSR.Research limitations/implications -This study focused on consumer perceptions, not on actual buying behaviour, which is a potential area for further research. Follow-up investigation to see whether our findings regarding the CSR concept also hold in other emerging and developing countries would be worthwhile. This also applies to an extension of the different expectations vis-à-vis foreign and local firms.Practical implications -Our study gives more insight into notions of standardization and adaptation with regard to CSR, considering China compared to other countries, and China's different internal markets. This is relevant for international marketers confronted with (potential) investments and activities in China, inbound or outbound, or in need of a comparative global perspective.Social implications -While our findings show some context-specificity for CSR in China, they also confirm the relevance of the originally Western CSR components to an emerging-market setting. These insights may be helpful for those interested in furthering CSR across countries, and locally as well as globally.Originality/value -This study responds to calls for an improved understanding of the contextspecificity of the originally Western CSR construct and of the extent to which it may be generalizable to non-Western settings such as China. We used a sample covering all regions of China and discovered two important dimensions. The results may be helpful to guide the debate on the plethora of CSR conceptualizations into a more focused direction, with clear relevance for the marketing field.

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“…Others identify differences between countries such as the UK and Japan (see e.g. Lam, 1994;Storey, Okasaki-Ward, Edwards, Gow, & Sisson, 1991), the UK and China (Easterby- Smith, Malina, & Yuan, 1995), China and the Netherlands (Verburg, Drenth, Koopman, Muijen, & Wang, 1999), Britain and India (Budhwar & Khatri, 2001), and the People's Republic of China and Taiwan (Warner & Zhu, 2002). And between groups of countries (Budhwar, 2000;Cheng & Brown, 1998;Tregaskis & Brewster, 2006;Wood, Brewster, & Brookes, 2014); and between the countries in Europe transitioning from communism to capitalism (Cooke, Wood, Psychogios, & Szamosi, 2011;Morley, Heraty, & Michailova, 2009;Poor, Karoliny, Alas, & Vatchkova, 2011;Sahadev & Demirbag, 2012).…”

Section: The Role Of Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%