“…There is a growing interest on platform thinking [11,22,23,54], which has resulted in a cumulative knowledge on platform ecosystems and their governance [17,19,31,53]. However, there are fewer attempts to investigate the companies that are not dominant players [25,30,37], but need to integrate to various infrastructures and platforms to sustain or extend their business capabilities [49]. These non-focal firms, from the viewpoint of platforms, are platform-utilizing businesses that do not develop platform capability extensions, have no influence on the platform whatsoever, but depend massively on it.…”