Managing native and legume-fixed nitrogen in lowland rice-based cropping systems

George, Thomas; Ladha, J. K.; Buresh, R. J.; Garrity, D. P.

doi:10.1007/bf00011311

Cited by 83 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The application of inorganic fertilizer (21) and tillage (4,8) stimulate the mineralization of native soil organic matter. A high nitrogen content and a low lignin content have been observed in the litter of alder (12); these lead to a rapid degradation of organic matter (21,51) and consequently to the production of inorganic nitrogen (17). Fertilization and degradation of organic matter are discontinuous processes (44) which temporarily alter the amount of bioavailable inorganic nitrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison ofnifHGene Pools in Soils and Soil Microenvironments with Contrasting Properties

Poly

Ranjard

Nazaret

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

328

193

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The similarities and differences in the structures of the nifH gene pools of six different soils (Montrond, LCSA-p, Vernon, Dombes, LCSA-c, and Thysse Kaymor) and five soil fractions extracted from LCSA-c were studied. Bacterial DNA was directly extracted from the soils, and a region of the nifH gene was amplified by PCR and analyzed by restriction. Soils were selected on the basis of differences in soil management, plant cover, and major physicochemical properties. Microenvironments differed on the basis of the sizes of the constituent particles and the organic carbon and clay contents. Restriction profiles were subjected to principalcomponent analysis. We showed that the composition of the diazotrophic communities varied both on a large scale (among soils) and on a microscale (among microenvironments in LCSA-c soil). Soil management seemed to be the major parameter influencing differences in the nifH gene pool structure among soils by controlling inorganic nitrogen content and its variation. However, physicochemical parameters (texture and total C and N contents) were found to correlate with differences among nifH gene pools on a microscale. We hypothesize that the observed nifH genetic structures resulted from the adaptation to fluctuating conditions (cultivated soil, forest soil, coarse fractions) or constant conditions (permanent pasture soil, fine fractions). We attempted to identify a specific band within the profile of the clay fraction by cloning and sequencing it and comparing it with the gene databases. Unexpectedly, the nifH sequences of the dominant bacteria were most similar to sequences of unidentified marine eubacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison ofnifHGene Pools in Soils and Soil Microenvironments with Contrasting Properties

Poly

Ranjard

Nazaret

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

328

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…During the subsequent period of soil aeration, NO 3 − forms via nitrifi cation of indigenous soil N and fertilizer N applied to the upland crop. Accumulated soil NO 3 − can be rapidly lost by denitrifi cation when soil is fl ooded and puddled for the next rice crop George et al, 1992;Singh et al, 1999) or when nonpuddled soil is saturated by heavy rains before dry-sown rice takes up accumulated soil NO 3 − (Sharma et al, 2005). Denitrifi cation losses following soil submergence can match the magnitude of N losses from fertilizer N applied to rice, particularly when NO 3 − formation is much greater than plant demand for NO 3 − during the aerobic soil phase Buresh et al, 1989).…”

Section: Nitrogen In Lowland Rice-upland Crop Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Buresh

Reddy

Kessel

2015

Agronomy Monographs

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Soils with continuous or intermitt ent submergence by water are widely distributed worldwide. They occur in a range of ecosystems including rice (Oryza sativa L.) fi elds, wetlands, estuaries, and fl oodplains. Such ecosystems oft en occur at low elevation in the landscape and are poorly drained with high retention of water. In addition, some upland areas with poor drainage can undergo periodic submergence and soil saturation. Moreover, the sediments in ocean, lake, and stream bottoms have similar biogeochemical and physical characteristics and N transformations as submerged agricultural soils.Rice fi elds surrounded by earthen levees to retain rain and irrigation water and ensure soil submergence are one of the world's major agricultural ecosystems. Rice is a staple food for nearly half the world's population, and about 95% of the global rice production occurs on fi elds with soil submerged during at least part of the rice-cropping period. The sustained productivity of this rice ecosystem, which ensures production of suffi cient food for a growing world population, relies heavily on the input and management of N.Nitrogen transformations in submerged soils are markedly diff erent from those in drained, aerated soils. These diff erences aff ect the prevalent soil microorganisms and microbial activities and the turnover, availabilility, and losses of N. To deal with the diff erences in N transformations between submerged and drained soils it is necessary to understand the biogeochemical conditions existing in submerged soils. This chapter is an update of an earlier review by Patrick (1982).

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“…Buresh et al (1989) reported NO 3 -N levels of 39-91 kg N ha À1 in the top 60 cm soil layer at onset of the wet season in a mungbean/lowland rice systems in the Philippines. The evidence indicates, however, that large amounts of accumulated soil NO 3 À -N during the wheat season may be lost from rice lowlands upon the flooding of aerobic soil for rice production (Buresh et al, 1989;George et al, 1992;Ladha et al, 2000). Achievement of efficient use of N by the whole system requires that the wheat crop leave as little mineral N as possible at the end of the season.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interactions between non-flooded mulching cultivation and varying nitrogen inputs in rice–wheat rotations

Fan

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2005

Field Crops Research

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A 3-year field experiment examined the effects of non-flooded mulching cultivation and traditional flooding and four fertilizer N application rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha À1 for rice and 0, 60,120, and 180 kg N ha À1 for wheat) on grain yield, N uptake, residual soil N min and the net N balance in a rice-wheat rotation on Chengdu flood plain, southwest China. There were significant grain yield responses to N fertilizer. Nitrogen applications of >150 kg ha À1 for rice and >120 kg ha À1 for wheat gave no increase in crop yield but increased crop N uptake and N balance surplus in both water regimes. Average rice grain yield increased by 14% with plastic film mulching and decreased by 16% with wheat straw mulching at lower N inputs compared with traditional flooding. Rice grain yields under SM were comparable to those under PM and TF at higher N inputs. Plastic film mulching of preceding rice did not affect the yield of succeeding wheat but straw mulching had a residual effect on succeeding wheat. As a result, there was 17-18% higher wheat yield under N0 in SM than those in PM and TF. Combined rice and wheat grain yields under plastic mulching was similar to that of flooding and higher than that of straw mulching across N treatments. Soil mineral N (top 60 cm) after the rice harvest ranged from 50 to 65 kg ha À1 and was unaffected by non-flooded mulching cultivation and N rate. After the wheat harvest, soil N min ranged from 66 to 88 kg N ha À1 and increased with increasing fertilizer N rate. High N inputs led to a positive N balance (160-621 kg ha À1 ), but low N inputs resulted in a negative balance (À85 to À360 kg ha À1). Across N treatments, the net N balances of SM were highest among the three cultivations systems, resulting from additional applied wheat straw (79 kg ha À1 ) as mulching materials. There was not clear trend found in net N balance between PM and TF. Results from this study indicate non-flooded mulching cultivation may be utilized as an alternative option for saving water, using efficiently straw and maintaining or improving crop yield in rice-wheat rotation systems. There is the need to evaluate the long-term environmental risks of non-flooded mulching cultivation and improve system productivity (especially with straw mulching) by integrated resource management. #

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Managing native and legume-fixed nitrogen in lowland rice-based cropping systems

Cited by 83 publications

References 117 publications

Comparison ofnifHGene Pools in Soils and Soil Microenvironments with Contrasting Properties

Comparison ofnifHGene Pools in Soils and Soil Microenvironments with Contrasting Properties

Nitrogen Transformations in Submerged Soils

Interactions between non-flooded mulching cultivation and varying nitrogen inputs in rice–wheat rotations

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