Managing nutrient flows in Indian urban and peri-urban livestock systems

Prasad, C. S.; Anandan, Sambandam; Gowda, N. K. S.; Schlecht, Eva; Buerkert, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s10705-018-9964-0

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since the colonial period, an increasing number of borewells helped to complement the water supply from Bengaluru's tank-lake system to satisfy increasing demands for irrigated agriculture, sanitation and drinking water. Excessive exploitation of the aquifer and leaching of waste water make Bengaluru's future very vulnerable to water scarcity [58,59]. wetland can be found in the rural hinterlands of the city.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years

2020

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Asian megacities have attracted much scientific attention in the context of global urbanization, but few quantitative studies analyze wetland transformation in the rural–urban interface. With its rampant growth and transformation from a tree-lined “Garden City” to a busy megalopolis with often-blocked highways and large built-up areas, Bengaluru (Karnataka, S-India) is a good example for assessing how urbanization has led to the acute degradation of wetlands. We therefore investigated long-term land cover and wetland changes from 1965 to 2018 based on an object-based classification of multi-temporal Corona and Landsat images. To quantify and compare the dynamics of open water surfaces and vegetation, we defined the potential wetland areas (PWA) along the rural–urban gradient and linked our analyses to an index describing the degree of urbanization (survey stratification index (SSI)). During the five decades studied, built-up areas in the Bengaluru Urban district increased ten-fold, with the highest growth rate from 2014 to 2018 (+ 8% annual change). Patches of lake wetlands were highly dynamic in space and time, partly reflecting highly variable annual rainfall patterns ranging from 501 mm in 1965 to 1374 mm in 2005 and monsoon-driven alterations in the hydrologic regime. While water bodies and flooded areas shrunk from 64 km2 in 1965 to 55 km2 in 2018, in 1965, the total rural wetland area with an SSI > 0.5 was twice as high as in 2018. The rural–urban land cover pattern within potential wetland areas changed drastically during this period. This is reflected, for example, by a four-fold increase in the wetland area with an SSI of 0.3, as compared to a decline by 43% in wetland area with an SSI of 0.8. While, in urban areas, wetlands were mostly lost to construction, in areas with a rural character, open water bodies were mainly transformed into green space. The detected changes in urban wetlands were likely accompanied by ecological regime changes, triggering deteriorations in ecosystem services (ESS) which merit further research.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years

2020

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“…On one hand, the ubiquitousness of Ext DPS demonstrated that a specific set of constraints versus opportunities in resource availability for dairy producers, namely the lack of land for the cultivation of forages versus the utilization of public grounds for pasture or forages collection or both, existed across urbanization levels. Such reliance of urban dairy producers on public lands or organic market wastes, or both is known in India [ 10 ] but also documented e.g. in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dichotomization leads to further distance between producers and consumers: i) a psychological one; that is the concerns of the consumers regarding social and ecological consequences of their consumption decrease, especially regarding negative environmental externalities [ 2 ]; and ii) a structural one; that is intermediaries in the value chain are multiplied as durability of primary agricultural products is increased by processing, and as transport distances increase [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. Urbanization also nurtures homogenization of production systems and products, which guarantees to urban consumers the quality and safety of products [ 4 , 9 , 10 ]. A further impact of urbanization is agricultural intensification due to i) decreased availability of land, because of conversion of agricultural land into built-up areas and the fragmentation of the agricultural landscape, and labor, as people, especially young, move to cities in search of better economic opportunities [ 1 , 11 ]; ii) increased farmers’ access to inputs and marketing channels [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

et al. 2021

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Urbanization is a main driver of agricultural transition in the Global South but how it shapes trends of intensification or extensification is not yet well understood. The Indian megacity of Bengaluru combines rapid urbanization with a high demand for dairy products, which is partly supplied by urban and peri-urban dairy producers. To study the impacts of urbanization on dairy production and to identify key features of dairy production systems across Bengaluru’s rural-urban interface, 337 dairy producers were surveyed on the socio-economic profile of their household, their dairy herd and management, resources availability and, in- and output markets. A two-step cluster analysis identified four spatially explicit dairy production systems based on urbanization level of their neighborhood, reliance on self-cultivated forages, pasture use, cattle in- and outflow and share of specialized dairy genotypes. The most extensive dairy production system, common to the whole rural-urban interface, utilized publicly available feed resources and pasture grounds rather than to cultivate forages. In rural areas, two semi-intensive and one intensive dairy production systems relying on self-cultivation of forage with or without pasture further distinguished themselves by their herd and breeding management. In rural areas, the village’s dairy cooperative, which also provided access to inputs such as exotic genotype through artificial insemination, concentrate feeds and health care, was often the only marketing channel available to dairy producers, irrespective of the dairy production system to which they belonged. In urban areas, milk was mostly sold through direct marketing or a middleman. Despite rapidly progressing urbanization and a population of 10 million, Bengaluru’s dairy sector still relies on small-scale family dairy farms. Shifts in resources availability, such as land and labor, are potential drivers of market-oriented intensification but also extensification of dairy production in an urbanizing environment.

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“…This has led Bangalore authorities to discourage paddy rice production in Greater Bengaluru following thus the example of China where paddy cultivation is restricted to distance of 100 km from any major town. Currently, milking cattle, which are of high cultural value throughout India, can still be kept in large numbers in Bengaluru enhancing agricultural water use for cooling and unfiltered manure flushing into sewers [81] which ultimately contributes to contamination of entire aquifers [82] . In India, the water crisis is probably the most sensitive national political issue for the next decade, comparable only to the discourse with Pakistan about joint security.…”

Section: Competing Claims: Agricultural Versus Urban Water Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Use in Human Civilizations: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of a Perpetual Social-Ecological Challenge

Buerkert¹,

Ganeshaiah²,

Siebert³

2021

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Managing nutrient flows in Indian urban and peri-urban livestock systems

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years

Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

Water Use in Human Civilizations: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of a Perpetual Social-Ecological Challenge

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