Managing Port-Orford-Cedar and the Introduced Pathogen <i>Phytophthora lateralis</i>

Hansen, E. M.; Goheen, Donald J.; Jules, Erik S.; Ullian, Barbara

doi:10.1094/pdis.2000.84.1.4

Cited by 155 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The origin of many presumed exotic species of Phytophthora is unknown. For example, P. lateralis is assumed to be an introduced forest pathogen in the USA but more than 80 yr after it was first identified, the origin of this pathogen is still undetermined (Hansen et al 2000). Although represented by only one species in North America, 100-200 species of the genus Lithocarpus are distributed throughout eastern and southern Asia and Indomalaysia (Little 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

127

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The genetic structure within and between USA and European populations of the emerging phytopathogen Phytophthora ramorum was examined. Four primer combinations were used for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 67 USA isolates from California and Oregon, and 18 European isolates from Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. In addition, three DNA regions (ITS, cox II, and nad 5) of additional Phytophthora species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analysed to provide better phylogenetic understanding of P. ramorum within the genus Phytophthora. AFLP banding patterns indicate that the 85 isolates form two distinct lineages within a monophyletic group, distinct from the closely related outgroup species P. lateralis. With the exception of two isolates from an Oregon nursery, European and USA isolates clustered separately within individual clades. The AFLP profiles also indicate that a single clonal lineage dominates the North American population, while the European population consists of an array of mainly unique, closely related AFLP types. Sequences from the three DNA regions were identical among all P. ramorum isolates, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. ramorum is closely related to P. lateralis and P. hibernalis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

127

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“…Also in New Zealand is the canker dieback of Kauri (Agathis austalis) caused by the newly described Phytophthora agathidicida, a pathogen of unknown origin (Weir et al 2015). Outbreaks of Phytophthora lateralis, the causal agent of root disease in Port Orford Cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) in the Pacific North-west (Hansen et al 2000), has been reported from dying C. lawsoniana in Europe (Hansen et al 1999). In South America two very different Phytophthora diseases have emerged: Phytophthora austrocedrae causes root disease and extensive mortality through the root infection of Austrocedrus chilensis (Mal del Ciprés) on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Patagonia (Greslebin et al 2007), and Phytophthora pinifolia causes a shoot blight of exotic P. radiata plantations (Daño Foliar del Pino) on the moist western slopes of the Chilean Andes (Durán et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia's native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of highthroughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia's native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia's unique ecosystems.

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“…Such host shifts might also result in a clonal population of a pathogen on a new host. However, a review of literature on Phytophthora epidemics (Hansen et al 2000;Ivors et al 2004;Ivors et al 2006;Brasier et al 2005;Denman et al 2006;Prospero et al 2007), as well as emerging plant diseases in general (Anderson et al 2004), indicates that introduction is by far the most common explanation for such patterns. Hence, our data support the hypothesis that P. pinifolia is an introduced pathogen in Chile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP analysis reveals a clonal population of Phytophthora pinifolia in Chile

et al. 2010

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Phytophthora pinifolia is the causal agent of the recently discovered needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile, referred to as "Daño Foliar del Pino" (DFP). The genetic structure of the pathogen population is unknown, which hinders our understanding of its appearance and spread in Chile since 2004. In this study, a population of 88 cultures of P. pinifolia isolated from P. radiata at several localities in Chile was evaluated for genotypic diversity using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Results of the AFLP analyses showed that the P. pinifolia population in Chile consists of two near identical genotypes but with no genetic differentiation based on geography, year of isolation or the part of the tree from which the isolates were obtained. Mating experiments did not lead to the production of gametangia suggesting that the organism is sterile. The fact that a single clonal genotype dominates the population of P. pinifolia in Chile supports the hypothesis that P. pinifolia was recently introduced into this country and that its impact is due to a new and susceptible host encounter.

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Managing Port-Orford-Cedar and the Introduced Pathogen Phytophthora lateralis

Cited by 155 publications

References 13 publications

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

AFLP analysis reveals a clonal population of Phytophthora pinifolia in Chile

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