Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows

Wiltbank, Milo C.; Sartori, Roberto; Herlihy, M.; Vasconcelos, José Luiz Moraes; Nascimento, A. B.; Souza, A. H.; Ayres, H.; Cunha, A.P.; Keskin, Ahmet; Guenther, Jerry; Gümen, Ahmet

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.012

Cited by 101 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This highlights the caution that is required when supplementing P4; it may be that strategies aimed at stimulating the development of the endogenous CL (e.g. manipulation of preovulatory follicle development (Wiltbank et al 2011) or administration of luteotrophic agents such as hCG (De Rensis et al 2010;Lonergan 2011;Rizos et al 2012)) rather than supplementation with exogenous P4 will be most effective. Alternatively, a combination of exogenous P4 and luteal support may prove beneficial in achieving a balancing between the apparent negative effects of P4 supplementation on development of the CL and the positive effects on conceptus development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical effect of supplementary progesterone between Day 3 and Day 7 on corpus luteum function and conceptus development in cattle

O'Hara¹,

Forde²,

Carter³

et al. 2014

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term progesterone (P4) supplementation during the early metoestrous period on circulating P4 concentrations and conceptus development in cattle. The oestrous cycles of cross-bred beef heifers were synchronised using a 7-day P4-releasing intravaginal device (PRIDÒ Delta; 1.55 g P4) treatment with administration of a prostaglandin F 2a analogue (Enzaprost; CEVA Sante Animale) the day before PRIDÒ Delta removal. Only those heifers recorded in standing oestrus (Day 0) were used. In Experiment 1, heifers were randomly assigned to one of five groups: (1) control: no treatment; (2) placebo: insertion of a blank device (no P4) from Day 3 to Day 7; (3) insertion of a PRIDÒ Delta from Day 3 to Day 7; (4) insertion of a PRIDÒ Delta from Day 3 to Day 5; or (5) insertion of a PRIDÒ Delta from Day 5 to Day 7. In vitro-produced blastocysts were transferred to each heifer in Groups 2-5 on Day 7 (n ¼ 10 blastocysts per heifer) and conceptuses were recovered when heifers were killed on Day 14. Based on the outcome of Experiment 1, in Experiment 2 heifers were artificially inseminated at oestrus and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) placebo; (2) PRID from Day 3 to Day 5; or (3) PRID from Day 3 to Day 7. All heifers were killed on Day 16 and recovered conceptuses were incubated in synthetic oviducal fluid medium for 24 h; spent media and uterine flushes were analysed for interferon-t (IFNT). In both experiments, daily blood samples were taken to determined serum P4 concentrations. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Insertion of a PRID resulted in an increase (P , 0.05) in serum P4 that declined following removal. In Experiment 1, P4 supplementation from Day 3 to Day 5 (17.0 AE 1.4 mm) or Day 3 to Day 7 (11.3 AE 2.3 mm) increased conceptus length compared with placebo (2.1 AE 1.8 mm). Serum P4 was significantly lower from Day 9 to Day 14 (P , 0.05) and the weight of the Day 14 corpus luteum (CL) was lower in the PRID Day 3-7 group than the placebo or control groups. In Experiment 2, supplementation from Day 3 to Day 5 (94.0 AE 18.8 mm) or Day 3 to Day 7 (143.6 AE 20.6 mm) increased conceptus length on Day 16 compared with placebo (50.3 AE 17.4 mm). Serum P4 was significantly lower in the two supplemented groups following PRID removal compared with placebo (P , 0.05) and was associated with a lower CL weight in the Day 3-7 group. Conceptus length was strongly correlated with the IFNT concentration in the uterine flush (r ¼ 0.58; P ¼ 0.011) and spent culture medium (r ¼ 0.68; P , 0.002). The findings of the present study highlight the somewhat paradoxical effects of P4 supplementation when given in the early metoestrous period in terms of its positive effect on conceptus development and its potentially negative effects on CL lifespan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical effect of supplementary progesterone between Day 3 and Day 7 on corpus luteum function and conceptus development in cattle

O'Hara¹,

Forde²,

Carter³

et al. 2014

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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“…In addition to reducing follicle dominance, the 5-day protocol resulted in the ovulation of follicles that were ∼1.5 mm smaller in diameter (17.1 v. 18.5 mm; Santos et al, 2010a). It has been suggested that P/AI in the Ovsynch protocol is optimised in high-producing Holstein cows when the ovulatory follicle diameter is neither too small nor too large (Wiltbank et al, 2011). Small follicle diameter does not seem to affect fertility of cows inseminated to oestrus, but excessively large follicles usually decrease P/AI because of extended dominance (Wiltbank et al, 2011).…”

Section: Optimising Timed Ai Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that P/AI in the Ovsynch protocol is optimised in high-producing Holstein cows when the ovulatory follicle diameter is neither too small nor too large (Wiltbank et al, 2011). Small follicle diameter does not seem to affect fertility of cows inseminated to oestrus, but excessively large follicles usually decrease P/AI because of extended dominance (Wiltbank et al, 2011). However, for cows inseminated following timed AI, follicle diameter between 15 and 19 mm seems to be ideal (Souza et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Bisinotto

Ribeiro²,

Santos³

2014

Animal

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Important developments have occurred in the last two decades, since the advent of the Ovsynch protocol, on the understanding and use of synchronisation programmes for management of reproduction in dairy herds. This better understanding of oestrus cycle control associated with suboptimal reproductive performance in dairy herds has led dairy producers to quickly adopt timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols. Recent surveys have documented that fixed-time AI has become an important component of management of reproduction in high-producing herds. Furthermore, timed AI protocols have also demonstrated benefits in pasture-based milk production systems because of the ability to increase insemination rate. In general, successful use of the Ovsynch protocol requires some fundamental physiological principles to be respected, including: induction of ovulation to synchronise follicle growth in the first 2 days of the programme such that a young antral follicle is recruited; maintenance of high concentrations of progesterone during the development of the ovulatory follicle, but also effectively lyse the corpus luteum to result in very low concentration of progesterone at AI; and having a healthy pre-ovulatory follicle of moderate diameter that is highly oestrogenic and responsive to gonadotropins to synchronously ovulate 12 to 18 h after insemination. Current methods oestrous and ovulation synchronisation are still not optimal and future improvements will likely require new technologies for hormone formulation and delivery such that additional interventions are minimised to maintain acceptance by producers.Keywords: dairy cow, reproduction, synchronisation, timed AI ImplicationsConsolidation of the dairy industry with constant increase in herd size has generated the need for systematic programmes to manage reproduction. The advent of synchronisation of ovulation protocols that secure artificial insemination at a pre-established time with adequate fertility has become an integral component of breeding management in multiple production systems. The better understanding of ovarian biology of dairy cows with improved control of follicle growth and luteal lifespan has resulted in refinement of these programmes in the last two decades, providing unique opportunities to manipulate follicle development, improve oocyte quality and enhance embryo survival. IntroductionReproductive management in dairy farms has markedly evolved in the past 20 years to a great extent because of the development of synchronisation programmes that allow for fixed-time artificial insemination (AI). Early research on control of follicle development and corpus luteum (CL) lifespan aimed to develop systems that synchronise follicle growth, luteolysis and finally ovulation at a predictable time such that timed AI could be performed to optimise fertility in cattle (Thatcher et al., 1996). Initial work studying the control of follicular wave with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by Macmillan and Thatcher (1991) paved the way for the development of the O...

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“…Additionally, the results of the present trial showed a greater diameter of the LF at TAI after eCG treatment. The optimisation of follicle size and health is an important objective in current TAI programmes (Wiltbank et al, 2011). Larger ovulatory follicles exhibited a greater growth and ovulation rate and resulted in a greater number of pregnancies per artificial insemination in beef cattle (Perry et al, 2007;Sá Filho et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin on Follicular, Luteal and Conceptus Development of Non-LactatingBos IndicusBeef Cows Subjected to a Progesterone Plus Estradiol-Based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol

Filho

Sales

Filho

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on ovarian follicular responses, corpus luteum (CL) development and conceptus length on day 16 after timed artificial insemination (TAI). A total of 124 cows at day 0 (D0) received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and the insertion of a progesterone (P4) intravaginal device. Eight days later, the device was removed, and cows received 0.15 mg of prostaglandin and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: eCG (n=60), in which cows received 300 U of eCG; and control (n=64). Cows were TAI 48 h after P4 device removal. The diameter of the largest follicle (LF) present on D8 and D10 and of CL on D15 and D26 were measured. Conceptus recovered rate, conceptus length, CL diameter and weight were determined at slaughter on D26. Plasma P4 concentration was determined on D15 and D26. Follicular growth from D8 to D10 (P=0.03), the diameter of CL at D15 (P=0.03) and D26 (P=0.003) and the CL weight at day 26 (P=0.04) were greater in the eCG group than the control. However, there was no effect of eCG treatment on oestrus occurrence, conceptus recovery rate and length, or P4 concentrations on either D15 or D26. In conclusion, although eCG increases follicular responses and the diameter of the CL, this gonadotropin treatment does not influence the length of the conceptus or the P4 concentration on the subsequent oestrus cycle.

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Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows

Cited by 101 publications

References 110 publications

Paradoxical effect of supplementary progesterone between Day 3 and Day 7 on corpus luteum function and conceptus development in cattle

Paradoxical effect of supplementary progesterone between Day 3 and Day 7 on corpus luteum function and conceptus development in cattle

Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Effects of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin on Follicular, Luteal and Conceptus Development of Non-LactatingBos IndicusBeef Cows Subjected to a Progesterone Plus Estradiol-Based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol

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