This study investigates the barriers to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) plants within developing nations using a mixed-method approach. Barriers such as limited digital infrastructure, resource constraints, and lack of skilled workforce were identified and analyzed through expert interviews and fuzzy-DEMATEL analysis. The analysis revealed intricate interrelationships among the barriers, highlighting their significant impact on I4.0 adoption. Findings suggest that while certain barriers, such as data security concerns and perceived high implementation costs, are prevalent across all FMCG plants, others vary depending on specific contextual factors. The study provides insights into the causes and effects of these barriers, aiding in the formulation of targeted strategies for overcoming them. The implications of the study extend to the enhancement of operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness in FMCG plants within developing nations. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors influencing I4.0 adoption and to develop comprehensive frameworks for mitigating barriers and promoting successful implementation.