2019
DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/kn02/2019
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Managing the tap-hole life-cycle at five submerged arc furnaces producing silicomanganese at Transalloys

Abstract: Transalloys is a silicomanganese (SiMn) producer located in South Africa, and uses only local manganese ores to produce SiMn alloy. The plant operates five open submerged arc furnaces (SAFs) with an annual capacity of 180 000 t of saleable SiMn. Maintaining tap-holes is critical for effective furnace operation, allowing proper drainage of the furnace with minimal operator interference. Using a claygun and drill arrangement installed at each furnace, tapping occurs every four hours. Tap-holes are maintained thr… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
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“…Silicomanganese slag (around 1225 kg slag per ton) is disregarded when it contains 6 to 12% of dissolved MnO, where the other main constituents are SiO 2 (38–44%), CaO (20–35%), MgO (5–15%), and Al 2 O 3 (10–25%). Within this context, little literature is available about the deterioration of the refractories in the presence of silicomanganese slag, and this is limited to SiC-based and C-based refractories [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, the improvement of refractories for the SiMn alloy production is essential due to the technological importance (23.5 Mt are expected for 2025) of this material alloy in the steelmaking process [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Silicomanganese slag (around 1225 kg slag per ton) is disregarded when it contains 6 to 12% of dissolved MnO, where the other main constituents are SiO 2 (38–44%), CaO (20–35%), MgO (5–15%), and Al 2 O 3 (10–25%). Within this context, little literature is available about the deterioration of the refractories in the presence of silicomanganese slag, and this is limited to SiC-based and C-based refractories [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, the improvement of refractories for the SiMn alloy production is essential due to the technological importance (23.5 Mt are expected for 2025) of this material alloy in the steelmaking process [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the ferroalloy production industry, tap-holes are made from carbon, silicon carbide or other refractory materials. [3][4][5] Some furnaces operate with a continuous tapping scheme, but most of them are tapped every 2 to 4 hours. [5,6] The tapping operation usually lasts 10-15 min, depending on the size of the furnace and ladles, and consist of several stages:…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%