Mandarin Ripeness Monitoring and Quality Attribute Evaluation Using an Electronic Nose Technique

The study integrates a component correction algorithm on the electronic nose, intended for fruit ripeness determination, to counteract the tendency of the electrochemical metal oxide sensors to drift. The drift is any unwanted deviation of the chemoreceptor response from the true value leading to erroneous and inconsistent results. The study utilizes CCPCA-Component Correction Principal Component Analysis to approximate and remove the temperature drift component. In using this algorithm, the study theorizes that the drift acquired from the simulation of temperature drift without any sample (clean air) could generalize the drift pattern or structure in sampling Lacatan aroma samples. The PCA or Principal Component Analysis is utilized for 'dimensioanlity reduction' and 'data mining' that uncovers patterns unobserved on the multidimensional data structure. The cluster Silhouette is computed to quantitatively validate the intracluster cohesion and intercluster separation. Using PCA, the electronic nose distinguished 630 Lacatan aroma samples on the PCA Loadings-PC1 (94.65%) and PC2 (3%) and significantly improved the clustering upon removal of temperature drift. The cluster Silhouette is improved from 0.7903 to 0.8571 (unripe), 0.5358 to 0.6080 (ripe), and 0.7784 to 0.8357 (overripe).

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Monitoring of Fluorescence Characteristics of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) during the Maturation Period

Muharfiza

Riza

Saito

et al. 2017

Horticulturae

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Abstract:Monitoring the maturation process of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) by determining the soluble solids (SS) and acid content non-destructively is needed. Fluorescence components potentially offer such means of accessing fruit maturity characteristics in the orchard. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring the stage of citrus maturity. Four major fluorescent components in peel and/or flesh were found including chlorophyll-a (excitation (Ex) 410 nm, emission (Em) 675 nm) and chlorophyll-b (Ex 460 nm, Em 650 nm),polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) (Ex 260 nm and 370 nm, Em 540 nm), coumarin (Ex 330 nm, Em 400 nm), and a tryptophan-like compound (Ex 260 nm, Em 330 nm). Our results indicated a significant (R 2 = 0.9554) logarithmic ratio between tryptophan-like compoundsExEm and chlorophyll-aExEm with the SS:acid ratio. Also, the log of the ratio of PMFs from the peel (ExExEm was significantly correlated with the SS:acid ratio (R 2 = 0.8207). While the latter correlation was not as strong as the former, it does demonstrate the opportunity to develop a non-destructive field measurement of fluorescent peel compounds as an indirect index of fruit maturity.

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Mandarin Ripeness Monitoring and Quality Attribute Evaluation Using an Electronic Nose Technique

Cited by 6 publications

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Fruit quality control, evaluation, and analysis

Fruit quality control, evaluation, and analysis

Temperature Compensated Electronic Nose for Fruit Ripeness Determination Using Component Correction Principal Component Analysis

Monitoring of Fluorescence Characteristics of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) during the Maturation Period

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