To analyze the force situation of ship rudder blades in water, a simulation model of a certain ship rudder blade was established using simulation software, and boundary conditions were set and calculated. The results show that the fluid velocity, pressure, and stress distribution around the rudder blade vary under different operating rudder angles. On the upstream side of the rudder blade, the fluid velocity is small and the pressure is high, while on the downstream side, the fluid velocity is small and the pressure is moderate. The lowest point of fluid pressure is about 7.6m forward along the arc length from the tail. When the steering angle is greater than 15°, the fluid pressure drops to negative pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the steering angle as much as possible. Further analysis reveals that the maximum stress in the rudder blade occurs at the junction of the rudder support seat and the rudder shaft, and as the rudder angle increases, the maximum stress shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.