Manganese: A transition metal protects nigrostriatal neurons from oxidative stress in the iron-induced animal model of Parkinsonism

Sziráki, István; Mohanakumar, Kochupurackal P.; Rauhala, Pekka; Kim, H.G.; Yeh, Kevin; Chiueh, Chuang C.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00660-x

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In these conditions, there is an increase in oxygen reactive species and consequent decrease of glutathione levels [39]. This decrease can result from diminished synthesis due to inhibition of glutathione reductase or from increased levels of glutathione bisulfi te [40].…”

Section: Risk Level Environmental Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes involved in the development of Parkinson

Teixeira¹,

Cardoso²

2017

Open J Parkinsons Dis Treatm

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Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most important neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of individuals older than 80 years of age. Main clinical symptoms are resting tremor, postural instability, bradykinesia and rigidity, with a good response to levodopa therapy. Purpose of the study:The main goal of this work is to make a deep analysis on the genetic factors and kind of heritage involved in the development of Parkinson. Main fi ndings:Over the last years, numerous studies allowed to confirm the unquestionable contribution of genetic factors to the complex pathogenesis of this disease. Highly penetrant mutations producing rare, monogenic forms of the disease have been identifi ed in singular genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1, LRRK2, and VPS35. Unique variants with incomplete penetrance in LRRK2 and GBA genes were identifi ed as strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease in certain populations. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes are now recognized to modulate the risk for Parkinson's disease.Investigating Mendelian forms of Parkinson disease has provided precious insight into the pathophysiology that underlies the more common idiopathic form of this disorder. Conclusions:The challenge over the next decade will be to get more data that strengthens the already available knowledge concerning genetics on Parkinson's disease, through the discovery of biological consequences of risk variants. Moreover, it is also expected that the advent of genome-wide association studies and the implementation of new research technologies will help in the identifi cation of novel risk variants for the sporadic forms of Parkinson disease.

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Section: Risk Level Environmental Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes involved in the development of Parkinson

Teixeira¹,

Cardoso²

2017

Open J Parkinsons Dis Treatm

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“…Upon oxidative stress, both protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation have been demonstrated (328,331). Oxidative stress damages cells, and has been implicated in several processes, including degenerative diseases of aging, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer (332,333,334,335,336,337). The exposure of cells to high levels of oxygen free radicals results in damage of proteins, lipids, DNA, and enzyme activity, affecting both cell proliferation and differentiation.…”

Section: The Ubiquitin System and The Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitin System-Dependent Regulation of Growth Hormone Receptor Signal Transduction and Effects of Oxidative Stress

Santos¹

2002

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Proteolytic System

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“…Os glicocorticóides parecem exercer também parte de sua ação neuroprotetora pela inibição da peroxidação lipídica (26) . Dentre os inibidores dos mediadores da LN secundária, os inibidores da liberação do glutamato (riluzol), os antagonistas poliamínicos (eliprodil), agentes antioxidantes (selegina (5) , dopamina (5) , manganês (9) ) e os inibidores do óxido nítrico (gangliosídeos e inibidores de radicais livres) têm demonstrado atividade neuroprotetora (26) . A nível de membrana celular, as pesquisas têm se concentrado na tentativa de neuroregulação da apoptose cálcio induzida (Gráfico 1) (26,34,52) .…”

Section: Neuroproteçãounclassified

“…afetam o SNC, destacando-se a doença de Parkinson (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) , acidentes vasculares cerebrais (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) e doenças degenerativas (20)(21)(22) , dentre outras.…”

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