Manganese-based spinel adsorbents for lithium recovery from aqueous solutions by electrochemical technique

Developmental Progress of Electrodialysis Technologies and Membrane Materials for Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brines

“…Furthermore, materials with ion-specific adsorption capabilities or precise pore-size screening effects have also been introduced into the CEMs via blending, grafting, and depositing methods. Lithium manganese oxides (LMOs) with a spinel structure are effective materials for lithium adsorption due to the presence of specific transport channels for lithium in their inherently rigid three-dimensional interstitial space. , The selective adsorbent particles can be added to the polymeric solution and involved in in situ polymerization to successfully achieve deposition on the membrane surface, thereby improving the lithium ion selectivity . Crown ethers can selectively bind specific metal ions based on the ion–dipole interaction between metal ions and ether epoxy atoms and have also been used to construct ion transport channels. , Co-depositing dopamine and 4′-amino benzo-15-crown-5 on the sulfonated polysulfone-based membranes affords a high K + permeation selectivity due to the synergistic effects of pore-size sieving from the dense modified layer and membrane matrix, and host–guest molecular recognition of the crown ether complexed with K + , as shown in Figure a.…”

“…Lithium manganese oxides (LMOs) with a spinel structure are effective materials for lithium adsorption due to the presence of specific transport channels for lithium in their inherently rigid three-dimensional interstitial space. 126,127 The selective adsorbent particles can be added to the polymeric solution and involved in in situ polymerization to successfully achieve deposition on the membrane surface, thereby improving the lithium ion selectivity. 128 Crown ethers can selectively bind specific metal ions based on the ion−dipole interaction between metal ions and ether epoxy atoms and have also been used to construct ion transport channels.…”

Direct Lithium Extraction Using Intercalation Materials

“…Intercalation materials have been reported for use in ionexchange adsorption to extract Li + from brines. These materials in many cases have been manganese or titanium oxides, including LiMn 2 O 4 , [63] Li 1.33 Mn 1.67 O 4 , [64,65] Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 , [66] Li 1.6 Mn 1.6 O 4 , [63,67,68] and its combination with Li 2 MnO 3 or MnO 2 , [69] Li 2 TiO 3 , [70][71][72][73][74] and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . [75,76] Titanium-based intercalation materials have generally reported greater stability than manganese-based materials, particularly with regards to resisting dissolution in acidic solutions.…”