Manganese dioxide as a cathode catalyst for a direct alcohol or sodium borohydride fuel cell with a flowing alkaline electrolyte

Verma, Anil; Jha, Amit K.; Basu, Suddhasatwa

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.09.005

Cited by 123 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The effect of Pt-ZrO 2 molar ratio on the catalytic activity was also investigated by CV and the lowest peak potential for ethanol electro-oxidation appeared at the molar ratio of 1: 4. Verma et al (2005a) introducing the anode which is prepared by dispersing platinum and activated carbon in Nafion (R) (DuPont USA) dispersion and placing it onto a carbon paper (Lydall, USA). Finally prepared anode material was pressed onto Ni mesh and sintered to produce the required anode.…”

Section: Anode Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total voltage loss was approximately 100 mv which is a 12-15% of cell voltage in 5000 h operation time. Verma et al (2005a) studied performance of alkaline fuel cell with using three different fuels, e.g., methanol, ethanol and sodium borohydride. The cathode catalyst MnO 2 /C/Ni was used as standard (Electro-ChemTechnic, UK) cathode for all the fuels.…”

Section: Cathode Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Vital Source of Energy for 21st Century: Review On Alkaline Fuel Cell

Sahu¹,

Basu²

2014

Energy Research Journal

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A cell which converts the chemical energy into electric energy as eco-friendly way on the principle of electrochemical and Inverted by Sir William Grove in 1839 is known to be "fuel cell". It became a vital source of energy for the 21st Century. Different types of fuel cell are invented based on their working temperature and a type of material has been used in which alkaline fuel cell is one of the best. Fuel cell is an electro-chemical energy converter at the simplest conceptual level it's combined hydrogen with oxygen to produced water and electricity. It does not store the energy itself. It is flow process which draws liquid or gaseous fuel from separated tank and if necessary converse it to hydrogen in reformer. The hydrogen is taken combined with oxygen air in the fuel cell to produced water and electricity. The energy conversion process in the fuel cell is therefore intrinsically clean and silent. Generally other fuel such as natural gas, methanol, ethanol and even coal can also be used. The object of this study is to summarize the characteristic of the alkaline fuel cell.

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Section: Anode Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cathode Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

A Vital Source of Energy for 21st Century: Review On Alkaline Fuel Cell

Sahu¹,

Basu²

2014

Energy Research Journal

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“…The main advantage of using alkaline fuel cells comes from the fact that the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions are faster in alkaline than in acid medium [1][2][3][4], which grants the possibility of using non-noble metals as catalyst without compromising the performance of the electrochemical reaction [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientists around the world have spent resources on investigating a new material for the electrode and membrane aimed at less transport losses [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Resources have also been spent on modeling, simulation, and optimization of alkaline fuel cells under specific constraints [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Analysis of a Single Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell

Martins

Sommer

Vargas

et al. 2015

Heat Transfer Engineering

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When geometric parameters, such as volume and thickness, are constraints to be considered in real applications and an increase of performance is required, other parameters must be taken into account for the optimization of fuel cells. The physical properties of bipolar plates, electrodes, and membranes are some of the parameters that can still be studied when maximum power output is sought under geometric constraint. This paper investigated the influence of porosity of the diffusive and reaction layers on the power output of an alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC). An experimentally validated mathematical model was used to simulate the fuel cell performance as a function of different porosities of the electrode. It was found that the change of porosity of the diffusive layer has a minimum influence in the poweroutput of the fuel cell when the porosity of the reaction layer is kept constant. The cathode was shown to limit the performance of the fuel cell due to losses that make the polarization curve to drop to zero at the cathode faster than at the anode. The increase of the porosity of the reaction layer is verified to be an alternative to enhance the power output of the fuel cell.

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“…[16][17][18] The catalyst studied here, namely manganese oxide MnO 2 , is a promising candidate that has been previously used for DBFCs. 19,20 Among these studies, the highest power density that is reported so far is 19 mW cm −2 . In this study ex-situ and in-situ measurements of MnO 2 /C and a commercial Pt/C are compared regarding suitability for DBFC cathodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Supported Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide: Surpassing Platinum as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Grimmer

Grandi

Zacharias

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) nanodispersed on high surface area carbon was tested as cathode catalyst for direct borohydride fuel cells with an anion conducting membrane. In order to investigate the effects of borohydride crossover, ex-situ experiments toward oxygen reduction reaction were conducted employing rotating disk electrodes in presence of borohydride and thiourea. Although platinum showed superior catalytic properties at ideal conditions, manganese oxide outperformed platinum significantly in presence of borohydride. Direct borohydride fuel cell tests were conducted using Pt/C-based and MnO 2 /C-based. After one hour of operation at 0.40 V the platinum based membrane electrode assembly lost approx. 30% of its initial peak power density while the non-precious metal MEA showed constant performance. The peak power density of the single test cell with a Pt/C based anode, an anion exchange membrane and a MnO 2 /C based cathode was 38 mW cm Direct liquid fuel cells (DLFC) offer certain advantages compared to hydrogen based fuel cell systems. Liquid fuels are generally easier to store and safer in handling than pressurized gases. Furthermore, the adaptation of the existing fossil based fuel involves considerably lower investment costs. Among various alcohols, most importantly methanol, borohydride proves to be an interesting and promising fuel candidate for DLFCs.1-3 As a result the number of publications concerning borohydride as hydrogen storage compound and direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) is strongly increasing in the last decade. 4 Borohydride which is usually applied in the form of sodium borohydride NaBH 4 is a white crystalline solid which exhibits a theoretical energy density of 9.3 Wh g −1 . 5The electrooxidation of BH 4 − (shown in Reaction 1) releases eight electrons at a very low theoretical potential. 6 In combination with an oxygen electrode the theoretical cell voltage is 1.64 V (see Reaction 3).Due to fuel crossover with any kind of alkaline electrolytes most publications dealing with DBFCs report the usage of cation exchange membranes.7 In this arrangement sodium acts as charge carrier and is conducted from the anode to the cathode side. The main issue of using cation exchange membranes is the formation of NaOH at the cathode and the undesirable concentration ratio [OH − ]/[BH 4 − ] with a minimum of eight in the fuel.To overcome this major drawback there are in principle two approaches. First, the establishment of hydroxide permeable membranes those are impermeable for borohydride or second, the development of cathode catalysts that show high catalytic selectivity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and high tolerance toward borohydride.State-of-the-art catalysts for DBFCs are platinum and gold at the anode and platinum at the cathode. 7,8 Platinum is still the cathode * Electrochemical Society Member. z E-mail: christoph.grimmer@tugraz.at catalyst of choice due to its high ORR activity and sufficient longterm stability.9 However, the usage of platinum at the cathode side harbors si...

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Manganese dioxide as a cathode catalyst for a direct alcohol or sodium borohydride fuel cell with a flowing alkaline electrolyte

Cited by 123 publications

References 4 publications

A Vital Source of Energy for 21st Century: Review On Alkaline Fuel Cell

A Vital Source of Energy for 21st Century: Review On Alkaline Fuel Cell

Parametric Analysis of a Single Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell

Carbon Supported Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide: Surpassing Platinum as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

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