Manganese exposure among smelting workers: blood manganese–iron ratio as a novel tool for manganese exposure assessment

Cowan, Dallas M.; Fan, Qing-Hai; Zou, Yan; Shi, Xiujuan; Chen, Jian; Aschner, Michael; Rosenthal, Frank S.; Zheng, Wei

doi:10.1080/13547500902730672

Cited by 87 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Increased concentrations of MnB have been frequently observed in exposed vs non-exposed workers, for example in welders 21 and in smelter workers. 25,26 We determined about 10 mg/l as median MnB in German welders that was similar to the average concentration reported for US welders in bridge building 27 but lower than in Korean welders (15.5 mg/l). 28 A lower average concentration of 8.6 mg/l in Russian welders might be explained by a longer time lag between shift exposure and blood sampling.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders

Pesch

Weiß

Kendzia

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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ning 11 and The Weldox GroupWe investigated airborne and internal exposure to manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) among welders. Personal sampling of welding fumes was carried out in 241 welders during a shift. Metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mn in blood (MnB) was analyzed by graphite furnace atom absorption spectrometry. Determinants of exposure levels were estimated with multiple regression models. Respirable Mn was measured with a median of 62 (inter-quartile range (IQR) 8.4 --320) mg/m 3 and correlated with Fe (r ¼ 0.92, 95% CI 0.90 --0.94). Inhalable Mn was measured with similar concentrations (IQR 10 --340 mg/m 3 ). About 70% of the variance of Mn and Fe could be explained, mainly by the welding process. Ventilation decreased exposure to Fe and Mn significantly. Median concentrations of MnB and serum ferritin (SF) were 10.30 mg/l (IQR 8.33 --13.15 mg/l) and 131 mg/l (IQR 76 --240 mg/l), respectively. Few welders were presented with low iron stores, and MnB and SF were not correlated (r ¼ 0.07, 95% CI À0.05 to 0.20). Regression models revealed a significant association of the parent metal with MnB and SF, but a low fraction of variance was explained by exposure-related factors. Mn is mainly respirable in welding fumes. Airborne Mn and Fe influenced MnB and SF, respectively, in welders. This indicates an effect on the biological regulation of both metals. Mn and Fe were strongly correlated, whereas MnB and SF were not, likely due to higher iron stores among welders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders

Pesch

Weiß

Kendzia

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Accordingly, a straight correlation between air concentration of Mn and blood serum level of Mn was seen in this study, and as compared to Bast-Pettersen et al study, the exposure to manganese particles in the air with concentration of 301 μg/m 3 proved the direct correlation with manganese concentration in the blood, and urine of exposed workers (181 mmol/l and 0.9 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively) [28]. The research was done by Cowan et al to report that the concentration of manganese in the inhaled air of exposed workers had a significant relationship with the ratio of Mn/Fe of erythrocytes (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and the workers' blood plasma (r = 0.7, p < 0.01) [30]. Other researchers' finding was higher than this research finding for Mn in air and blood level but a straight relationship was seen between air-Mn and B-Mn (serum).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown the biological half-life of manganese in the human body against 20-40 days, and after this period the amount of manganese in the workplace decreased or normal serum level would return. Given the daily ongoing additional amounts in the period, that had been inserted into the body through the urine, were excreted [18,24,30]. According to the textbook by Zenz [15], the main way to enter Mn pollutants into the human body is through inhaled manganese, and the lungs and human brain are the target and any metabolism in other organs of the body and organs were not the one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between airborne manganese concentration at the workstations in the iron foundry and manganese concentration in workers’ blood

Mirmohammadi¹,

Moghaddasi²,

Yazdani³

et al. 2017

Med Pr

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Background: Manganese (Mn) used as raw material for melting process in the ferrous foundry is considered as hazardous neurotoxic substance because it accumulates in the central nervous system and may cause neurological disorders. The furnace-men and melting department workers are potentially exposed to manganese particles or fume in the workplace. The objective of the research has been to investigate the sources and levels of manganese exposure in the foundry by correlation of blood-manganese (B-Mn) and air-manganese (air-Mn) measurement. Material and Methods: Air-Mn and Mn of blood serum were measured involving workers who worked in a big-sized foundry during 1 year. The standard method of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ID-121 was used for air and blood assessment and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was carried out for air and blood sample analysis. Results: The air sampling results have revealed that there is a high exposure to manganese (4.5 mg/m 3 ) in the workplace as compared to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) time weighted average (the reference time-weighted average (TWA) = 1 mg/m 3 ). The average blood serum Mn concentration was 2.745 μg/l for subjects working for shorter than 3 months and 274.85 μg/l for subjects working 3-12 months. Conclusions: Against the research hypothesis there was no correlation between the air-Mn concentration and the B-Mn (serum) level of manganese in the serum of the exposed subjects. It may be due to short time of air sampling of manganese airborne particles, and a real-time monitoring of airborne manganese particles is suggested for any future study. Med Pr 2017;68(4): [449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456][457][458]

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“…At most, biological measurements of Mn, such as blood, hair, or toenail concentrations, may possibly indicate short-term Mn exposure. [45][46][47][48] These may not provide reliable dose estimates, and it is debatable whether short-term exposure is as relevant as cumulative (lifetime) exposure in studies focused on PS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiological Studies of Parkinsonism in Welders

Checkoway¹,

Nielsen²,

Racette³

2014

Manganese in Health and Disease

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Welders have been the focus of numerous epidemiological studies addressing possible etiologic relations between manganese (Mn) and Parkinson disease (PD). These include investigations of defined cohorts of welders, which we regard as most informative, general population surveys of welding occupations, and population-based case-control studies. With a few notable exceptions among the studies of defined cohorts of welders, there is little evidence that welders are at increased risk of PD. However, most prior research has suffered from severe limitations due to incomplete ascertainment of incident cases, questionable diagnostic accuracy, and non-specific Mn exposure assessment that precludes quantitative dose–response estimation. A potential etiologic relation between environmental Mn exposure and PD continues to be an important scientific and public health topic, given the ubiquitous nature of Mn exposure. Investigations of welders, who experience some of the highest Mn doses in the population, should remain a priority. Recommended future epidemiological research should involve longitudinal assessments of risk, severity, and progression of clinically diagnosed PD among well-characterized cohorts of welders, whose exposures to Mn and potential confounders can be assessed quantitatively.

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Manganese exposure among smelting workers: blood manganese–iron ratio as a novel tool for manganese exposure assessment

Cited by 87 publications

References 36 publications

Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders

Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders

Correlation between airborne manganese concentration at the workstations in the iron foundry and manganese concentration in workers’ blood

Epidemiological Studies of Parkinsonism in Welders

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