Manganese overload affects p38 MAPK phosphorylation and metalloproteinase activity during sea urchin embryonic development

Pinsino, Annalisa; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Matranga, Valeria

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.004

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Extensive studies using the specific inhibitor SP600125 will help our understanding of a possible link to the JNK signaling pathway. However, phosphorylation of c‐jun is responsive to kinases belonging to different signaling pathways , some of which have already been identified in the sea urchin embryo . In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the newly identified and characterized Pl ‐jun mRNA is exclusively expressed in a subgroup of skeletogenic cells and, even more excitingly, that the related protein exists in an active form in the nuclei of the same cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The newly characterized Pl‐jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo

et al. 2014

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Growing evidence suggests that the transcription factors belonging to the Jun family are involved in many important cellular events, such as the control of bone development in mammalians. We have characterized, for the first time, a member of the Jun family from embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The Pl‐jun protein sequence includes all the functional domains characteristic of members of the Jun family (i.e. the basic leucine zipper, the basic DNA‐binding and the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase docking‐like domains), which are evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, all the key serine and threonine residues, which are phosphorylation targets for different kinases necessary for jun activation, appear to be well preserved. A model of the monomeric protein provides a simulation of the three‐dimensional structure and shows the potential sites for dimerization and DNA binding. Pl‐jun mRNA is expressed in the unfertilized egg and throughout sea urchin embryo development. As the development proceeds, Pl‐jun mRNA becomes exclusively expressed in the skeletogenic cells. Intriguingly, these cells contain significant amounts of the phosphorylated active protein entirely localized into their nuclei. These findings strengthen our hypothesis that suggests an active role for Pl‐jun in skeletogenic cells, thus indicating that this transcription factor is a novel component of the gene regulatory networks controlling skeletogenesis. Database Nucleotide sequence data have been deposited in the EMBL databases under the accession number: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/HE817756.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The newly characterized Pl‐jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo

et al. 2014

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“…The expression level of p38 MAPK , participating in a signalling cascade in response to different stimuli [33], was affected by heptadienal at the prism and pluteus stages. Very recently, Pinsino et al [44] emphasized the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of sea urchin embryonic development after exposure to manganese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus

et al. 2014

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Diatoms are dominant photosynthetic organisms in the world’s oceans and represent a major food source for zooplankton and benthic filter-feeders. However, their beneficial role in sustaining marine food webs has been challenged after the discovery that they produce secondary metabolites, such as polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which negatively affect the reproductive success of many invertebrates. Here, we report the effects of two common diatom PUAs, heptadienal and octadienal, which have never been tested before at the molecular level, using the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, as a model organism. We show that both PUAs are able to induce teratogenesis (i.e., malformations), as already reported for decadienal, the better-studied PUA of this group. Moreover, post-recovery experiments show that embryos can recover after treatment with all three PUAs, indicating that negative effects depend both on PUA concentrations and the exposure time of the embryos to these metabolites. We also identify the time range during which PUAs exert the greatest effect on sea urchin embryogenesis. Finally, we report the expression levels of thirty one genes (having a key role in a broad range of functional responses, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxification processes) in order to identify the common targets affected by PUAs and their correlation with morphological abnormalities. This study opens new perspectives for understanding how marine organisms afford protection from environmental toxicants through an integrated network of genes.

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“…65 The p-38 MAPK plays an important role in embryo development (P. lividus) as it is actively involved in the sea urchin embryo protective machinery against different stressors as UVB radiation as well as heavy metals. 55, 85 The 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to play an important role in cellular homeostasis and stress response in sea urchin embryos (P. lividus) and dose-dependently induced by UVB radiations in early and late development. 86 Toxic aldehydes produced by copepods are also able to induced 14-3-3ε gene expression during embryo development.…”

Section: Disposition In Sea Urchin Developing Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and Embryotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles at Early Stage of Development of Sea Urchin Embryos Paracentrotus lividus

Torre

Bergami

Salvati

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

555

216

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Nanoplastic debris, resulted from runoff and weathering breakdown of macro- and microplastics, represents an emerging concern for marine ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate disposition and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) in early development of sea urchin embryos (Paracentrotus lividus). NPs with two different surface charges where chosen, carboxylated (PS-COOH) and amine (PS-NH2) polystyrene, the latter being a less common variant, known to induce cell death in several in vitro cell systems. NPs stability in natural seawater (NSW) was measured while disposition and embryotoxicity were monitored within 48 h of postfertilization (hpf). Modulation of genes involved in cellular stress response (cas8, 14-3-3ε, p-38 MAPK, Abcb1, Abcc5) was investigated. PS-COOH forms microaggregates (PDI > 0.4) in NSW, whereas PS-NH2 results are better dispersed (89 ± 2 nm) initially, though they also aggregated partially with time. Their respectively anionic and cationic nature was confirmed by ζ-potential measurements. No embryotoxicity was observed for PS-COOH up to 50 μg mL(-1) whereas PS-NH2 caused severe developmental defects (EC50 3.85 μg mL(-1) 24 hpf and EC50 2.61 μg mL(-1) 48 hpf). PS-COOH accumulated inside embryo's digestive tract while PS-NH2 were more dispersed. Abcb1 gene resulted up-regulated at 48 hpf by PS-COOH whereas PS-NH2 induced cas8 gene at 24 hpf, suggesting an apoptotic pathway. In line with the results obtained with the same PS NPs in several human cell lines, also in sea urchin embryos, differences in surface charges and aggregation in seawater strongly affect their embryotoxicity.

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Manganese overload affects p38 MAPK phosphorylation and metalloproteinase activity during sea urchin embryonic development

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

The newly characterized Pl‐jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo

The newly characterized Pl‐jun is specifically expressed in skeletogenic cells of the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo

Molecular Response to Toxic Diatom-Derived Aldehydes in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Accumulation and Embryotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles at Early Stage of Development of Sea Urchin Embryos Paracentrotus lividus

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