“…10 As a synthetic cryptomelane, OMS-2 materials have many applications, for example, catalytic volatile organic compound (VOC) combustion, 11 catalytic synthesis of imine from benzyl alcohol and aniline, 12 dispersive solid-phase microextraction as an interface adsorbent, 13 and hydrogen production from ethylenediamine-bisborane hydrolysis. 14 Inorganic sponges also have numerous applications, for instance, the oxidative coupling of methane by a TiO 2 -Mn 2 O 3 -Na 2 WO 4 -foam catalyst, 15 efficient urea oxidation in a direct urea fuel cell by a FeNi-supported carbon sponge, 16 construction of lithium-ion batteries using a V 2 O 5 sponge, 17 photocatalytic degradation of high concentration dyes by a Sn 4+ -doped ZnO sponge, 18 and fabrication of an asymmetric supercapacitor using a MnCo-MOF-modified graphene sponge. 19 Some sponges/foams are usually prepared via a conventional ceramic route with hightemperature calcinations; however, this route is unsuitable for fabricating manganese oxide sponges because most manganese oxides exhibit metastable phases due to oxygen loss at high temperatures.…”