Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Significance: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Considering the quality of life and treatment cost, the best way to fight against cancer is to prevent or suppress cancer development. Cancer is preventable as indicated by human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and tamoxifen/raloxifen treatment in breast cancer prevention. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SODs) are often lowered during early cancer development, making it a rational candidate for cancer prevention. Recent Advances: SOD liposome and mimetics have been shown to be effective in cancer prevention animal models. They've also passed safety tests during early phase clinical trials. Dietary supplement-based SOD cancer prevention provides another opportunity for antioxidant-based cancer prevention. New mechanistic studies have revealed that SOD inhibits not only oncogenic activity, but also subsequent metabolic shifts during early tumorigenesis. Critical Issues: Lack of sufficient animal model studies targeting specific cancers; and lack of clinical trials and support from pharmaceutical industries also hamper efforts in further advancing SOD-based cancer prevention. Future Directions: To educate and obtain support from our society that cancer is preventable. To combine SOD-based therapeutics with other cancer preventive agents to obtain synergistic effects. To formulate a dietary supplementation-based antioxidant approach for cancer prevention. Lastly, targeting specific populations who are prone to carcinogens, which can trigger oxidative stress as the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 1628-1645.

Antioxidant enzymes in canine mammary tumors

“…This apparent discrepancy could be related to a sophisticated MnSOD regulation mechanism based on p53. It has been proposed that the activation of p53 and its translocation into the mitochondrial matrix could result in the interaction between MnSOD and p53 with subsequent partial inhibition of enzyme activity [21]. The inactivation of the enzyme could be related also to the presence of autoantibodies against MnSOD.…”

Precancerous Lesions in Gastrointestinal Tract

“…2 Precancerous lesions of the stomach in the form of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia can be treated with anti-inflammatory and antifree radical drugs such as rebamipide and superoxide dysmutase (SOD). [30][31][32] Chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection must get an eradication therapy for H. pylori. 33 The principle of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori divided into triple and quadruple therapy.…”

“…33,34 Precancerous lesions in the colon in the form of chronic enterocolitis, dysplasia can be treated with anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-free radical al anti-oxidants (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenols and astaxantin), rebamipide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti-inflammatory drugs (sulfasalazine, mesalamine/5-ASA, corticosteroid), aspirin). [30][31][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Chronic infections in the intestine must be treated with antibiotics according to the cause of infection. If the cause is tuberculosis infection, the patient must be treated with anti tuberculosis drugs for 9-12 months.…”

Modificaciones en el nivel de anión superóxido en leche materna, según la ingesta de flavonoides y carotenoides

“…10 Estos mecanismos de acción pueden ser modulados por los fitoquímicos presentes en la dieta. 10,11 Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue asociar cambios en el nivel de anión superóxido en la leche humana en función del consumo de fitoquí-micos, en mujeres lactantes de Córdoba (Argentina), con el fin de obtener información que permita realizar recomendaciones dietéticas y promover la salud materno-infantil.…”