Mangiferin induces immune responses and evaluates the survival rate in WEHI‐3 cell generated mouse leukemia in vivo

Abstract

Mangiferin is a naturally occurring polyphenol, widely distributed in Thymeraceae families, and presents pharmacological activity, including anti-cancer activities in many human cancer cell lines. Mangiferin has also been reported to affect immune responses; however, no available information concerning the effects of mangiferin on immune reactions in leukemia mice in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mangiferin on leukemia WEHI-3 cell generated leukemia BLAB/c mice. Overall, the experiments were divided into two parts, one part was immune responses experiment and the other was the survival rate experiment. The immune responses and survival rate study, 40 mice for each part, were randomly separated into five groups (N = 8): Group I was normal animals and groups II-V WEHI-3 cell generated leukemia mice. Group II mice were fed normal diet as a positive control; group III, IV, and V mice received mangiferin at 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection every 2 days for 20 days. Leukocytes cell population, macrophage phagocytosis, and NK cell activities were analyzed by flow cytometry. Isolated splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Hung-Sheng Shang and Chiung-Ju Chen contributed equally to this work.

Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit

“…Unripe mango tastes sour because of the presence of different acids, such as citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic, and other organic acids, whereas the sweet taste of the ripened fruit is due to the blending of reducing sugar and the main acid source, malic acid [11]. High concentrations of β-carotene and other phytochemicals in mangoes can prevent leukemia and progression of prostate, breast, and colon cancers [12][13][14][15][16]. Mangoes can be differentiated in to three parts: pulp (mesocarp), peel (epicarp), and seed kernel (endocarp), as presented in Figure 2.…”

Comprehensive multiomics analyses reveal pervasive involvement of aberrant cohesin binding in transcriptional and chromosomal disorder of cancer cells

“…The pathway enrichment in Figures 2 G and S3 G might contribute to the poor prognosis outcomes observed in Figure 3 C. For example, the estrogen signaling pathway observed for gained-CAS, when enhanced, promotes the development and progression of breast cancer 35 , 36 ; the immune response pathways observed for lost-CAS, when suppressed, are associated with poor survival rates in patients with blood cancer. 37 , 38 Combining the correlation between CASs and up- and downregulated genes, we speculate that gained-CASs-DEGs are more likely to be oncogenes, while lost-CASs-DEGs are more likely to be tumor suppressors. Indeed, we examined the cancer gene census 25 and observed a higher ratio of oncogenes for gained-CAS-DEGs and a higher ratio of suppressor genes for lost-CAS-DEGs ( Figure S3 I), indicating the potential role of CAS for cancer development and progression.…”

Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in cancer: Unveiling regulatory pathways, mechanisms of action, and bioavailability enhancements – An updated review

“…Among these are the Southern sections of the Italian Peninsula, such as Sicily, where mangoes have been grown for the past decade due to suitable pedoclimatic conditions (Lo Galbo et al., 2021 ). The major components of C. intermedia (a North American plant) extracts are xanthones (MGF) and flavanones (hesperetin and hesperidin), which are thought to be responsible for the majority of its pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, anticancer, anti‐obesity, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties (Aboyewa et al., 2021 ; Wani et al., 2022 ), and radioprotective activities (Shang et al., 2021 ).…”

“…and interferon-gamma(INFγ), leading to a decrease in angiogenesis(Delgado-Hernández et al, 2020). MGF causes an increase in a cluster of differentiation 3, which are co-receptors of T-cells (CD3Tcells), and the cluster of differentiation 19 B, which are components of B cells (CD19B), as well as decreases CD11b monocytes, and Mac3-macrophages (powerful macrophages) initiate phagocytosis of macrophages that lead to increase body weight and decrease in liver and spleen weights of the organism(Shang et al, 2021;Wen et al, 2022), as shown in Figure3.MGF has different mechanisms of action when used with other therapeutic drugs to treat cancer. In a study, gold-coated nanoparticles of MGF (MGF-AuNPs) and gold-coated nanoparticles of Honeybush (HB-AuNPs) were used with a chemotherapeutic drug named DOX, which collectively resulted in decreased cellular viability, that is, ability to work successively and increased cellular toxicity(Aboyewa et al, 2021).…”

“…Splenocytes (WBCs of the spleen) were used to check the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and MGF, which did not affect the progression of T and B lymphocytes. The survival rate of leukemia mice depended upon the given dose of MGF, which was increased at a high dose of MGF(Shang et al, 2021).Melanoma is one of the most dangerous and deadliest forms of skin cancer, having metastatic characteristics, a condition in which the primary tumor loses its cells that make a new tumor. Its treatments have not increased the survival rates of patients.…”