Mangrove encroachment of salt marsh in Western Port Bay, Victoria: The role of sedimentation, subsidence, and sea level rise

A global standard for monitoring coastal wetland vulnerability to accelerated sea-level rise

“…Five years of RSET data collection will allow scoring of a site's vulnerability to SLR in a 'Submergence Vulnerability Index' , with vulnerable sites defined as those where the rate of elevation change is too low to offset relative SLR 63 . The southeast Australian SET network includes >100 stations, with recent research focusing on mangrove surface elevation change in relation to groundwater 64 and mangrove encroachment into saltmarshes 65 . These two examples of structured monitoring networks highlight the significant value gained by upscaling replicated, coordinated sites across a coastline.…”

The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration

“…Mangrove forests have been removed across the tropics for conversion to aquaculture ponds (Valiela et al 2001, Alongi 2002, Giri et al 2011, although clearing for forestry, agriculture and urban/industrial developments are important causes of loss in some locations. Saltmarshes have been highly modified by drainage for agriculture for centuries (Bromberg-Gedan et al 2009), are severely affected by coastal eutrophication (Deegan et al 2012), and are presently being replaced by mangroves due to climate change (Rogers et al 2005, Saintilan et al 2014. A recent investigation reported that more than 80% of native oyster stocks worldwide have been overharvested in the last century and most of the remaining stocks are close to functional extinction (Beck et al 2011).…”

The significance and vulnerability of Australian saltmarshes: implications for management in a changing climate

“…Lovelock et al (2011) attributed compaction of wetlands soils to soil characteristics, with muddy highly organic soils undergoing greater compaction than sandy soils. Instances where elevation gain exceeded the degree of accretion have been attributed to biological processes of belowground root development (Rogers et al 2005a) and abandoned salt evaporation ponds that altered the hydrological regime of saltmarsh (Rogers et al 2005b). …”