Manifestations of carbon capture-storage and ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic solar cells: An indispensable abridged review

Abstract

This study bestows an essential abridged review of the manifestations of carbon capture & storage (CCS) systems and the ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. This research implicates that CCS system is evolving in capturing CO 2 emissions from coal-fired electrical power stations to further mitigate climate change. Different manifestations are discussed for capturing and storing the CO 2 with repercussions on operating costs, toxicity and energy efficiency. Chemical Looping Combustion appears to be the more energy efficient than Oxy-fuel CFBC and Ionic Liquids, and less expensive than Calcium Looping and Amine Scrubbing. Calcium Looping (Cal) and Ionic Liquids are also less toxic than Amine Scrubbing. Direct air technology is also very compelling at capturing CO 2 emissions but highly expensive. Nevertheless, further research is still required for all CCS systems to be able to implement them widely in existing/new electrical power stations. Waste heat energy recovery systems can be used in conjunction with CO 2 capture systems for further reduction of emissions. The ambivalence of quantum dot and organic solar cells are briefly reviewed. It implicates that composite film with enhanced quantum dot effects will make the film highly transparent and options of tunability of its color spectrum make the quantum dot solar cells highly attractive to a wide variety of applications. Organic solar cells are carbon-rich polymers and can be designed to improve a precise function of the cell, such as sensitivity to a certain type of light. OPV cells can only be considered as half-competent to crystalline silicon and have smaller beneficial lifespans, but could be less costly to produce in high volumes. Current research issues are substitution/compromises between electrical power conversion efficiency and average visible light transmittance. However, improving average light-transmittance decreases electrical power conversion efficiency and vice versa.

Enhancing the renewable energy payback period of a photovoltaic power generation system by water flow cooling

“…This reality could necessarily transition our built environment, such as office buildings and residential buildings, towards renewable energy sources [3,4]. As the concept of GEB (Generating Energy Buildings) has now becoming a reality in which a series of innovative technologies such as translucent vacuum insulation panels [5][6][7], smart vacuum insulated windows [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], vacuum-based PV integrated solar thermal collectors [26,27] and cooling mechanism [28], wind & wave energy systems [29], providing access 74 and monitoring of the electric vehicles charging [30][31][32][33][34] with integration to microgrid [35] and utilising waste heat into electricity using thermoelectric [36][37][38][39] are the progress towards smart cities. It is evident from the aforementioned references that solar thermal energy and insulation technologies are playing major role in achieving the built environment sector towards net-zero energy.…”

“…As one of the most popular kinds of renewable energies, solar energy is predicted to play a serious role in the future [40]. However, the concepts of carbon capture-storage and progressive technologies of quantum-dot and organic solar cells and new materials [41,42] are going to speed up the notion of GEB [43]. Still, using PV modules offers a number of huge benefits that makes it favorable worldwide.…”

Predictive permanent magnet synchronous generator based small-scale wind energy system at dynamic wind speed analysis for residential net-zero energy building

“…The parallel UPS based system transmits and stores the energy efficiently as compared to other UPS systems. The UPS can be integrated into photovoltaic modules but require environmental temperature control for optimal long-term operation of converters, such as water flow cooling [36] or microchannel heat sinks [37] as cost-effective measures for monocrystalline type PV modules [38,39].…”

Analysis of indoor environment and performance of net-zero energy building with vacuum glazed windows

“…As such there are a number of progressive technologies are under investigation for mass deployment, such as translucent vacuum insulation panel [3,4], triple vacuum glazed windows [5][6][7][8], advanced vacuum based photovoltaic solar thermal collectors [9] and utilising the waste heat into electricity using thermoelectric [10][11][12]. The reality of carbon capture and energy storage in buildings has also been investigated [13]. In Japan, with the aim of reducing energy consumption of the building sector, the compliance of energy conservation has begun to be mandatory for newly built non-residential buildings with a total floor area of 2,000 m 2 or more since April 2017.…”