Manifestations of HIV infection in the peripheral nervous system

Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon gamma gene polymorphisms and their plasma levels in leprosy, HIV and other peripheral neuropathies

“…The most widely accepted hypothesis of HIV-PN involves neuronal damage secondary to immune activation and release of cytokines [8,15] which could occur either in ART naive patients or those exposed to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) therapy, one involving d4T [28]. However, neuropathy develops only in certain proportions of individuals treated with NRTIs [29].…”

“…Association of A/A homozygous genotype was also observed in HIV-PN as compared to HIV group (p < 0.05, OR = 6.5, CI = 2. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. When LN group was segregated we found a significant association of IFN-c +874 A/A genotype in MB leprosy group (p < 0.05, OR = 8, CI = 3.1-21) and not in PB group as compared to HS.…”

“…The overproduction of TNF-a stimulates the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-c which has a pivotal role in the induction of immune mediated inflammatory responses [12]. Earlier studies implicated the involvement of the cytokines TNF-a and IFN-c and their SNPs in the pathogenesis of PN [13][14][15]. However there are no studies comparing the plasma cytokine levels with their gene polymorphisms in peripheral neuropathies of varying etiologies.…”

Neuropathic pain: current definition and review of drug treatment

“…Some antiretrovirals can cause neuropathy, and neurotoxicity may be a feature of concomitant medicines such as isoniazid for tuberculosis. 8,9 Drugs for neuropathic pain The IASP's Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) has recently undertaken a systematic review of medicines for neuropathic pain (Table).…”

Infectious Diseases Causing Neuropathy

“…In the early stages of HIV infection, symptomatic neuropathy is seen in as few as 0.5 % of patients, but this increases dramatically as patients develop the full syndrome (Fuller et al 1993 ;Barohn et al 1993 ;So et al 1988 ;Hall et al 1991 ). Lange ( 1994 ), Gabbati et al ( 2013 ), and Centner et al ( 2013 ) provide a comprehensive review of the neuromuscular manifestations associated with HIV infection.…”