Manipulated flow reduces downstream defensiveness

Kulkarni, Amey; Anderson, Wyatt C.; Sanders, Matthew A.; Newbold, Jackie; Martin, Leonard L.

doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1015157

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our mediation findings highlight that the emergence of flow is two-dimensional in nature, which represents a potentially important contribution to facilitating future research on flow. In particular, our demonstration of the mediating roles of fluency and efficiency of progress advances current understandings of how to manipulate flow (Kulkarni et al, 2016). Our process findings suggest that fluency-related experiences (e.g., control, automaticity) could be manipulated to induce flow, as they can give rise to absorptionrelated experiences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

2021

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This research advances the conceptualization and measurement of flow. The results of six studies (N = 2809) reveal that flow has two dimensions: “fluency,” which is comprised of experiences related to fluent thought and action; and “absorption,” which is based on sustained full attention. The results also demonstrate that the two dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables. Specifically, while the fluency dimension is related to antecedents of flow (familiarity, skill, progress), the absorption dimension is not. Conversely, the absorption dimension was found to be strongly related to consequences of flow (behavioral intentions, presence), while the fluency dimension was not. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fluency-related experiences can give rise to the absorption-related experiences, which advances our understanding of how flow emerges. Finally, we develop a refined measure of flow called the two-dimensional-flow scale, and demonstrate its enhanced ability to capture variance in flow and other related variables in leisure contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

2021

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“…Flow is more likely to occur when an activity is voluntary, is intrinsically motivating, when it requires skill and challenge, and when individuals receive immediate feedback tied to success goals (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). For example, Kulkarni and associates (Kulkarni, Anderson, Sanders, Newbold, & Martin, 2016) experimentally manipulated the conditions of a computer game to maximize flow experiences. The conditions leading to flow were those that increased engagement, matched challenge and skill level, and provided performance feedback.…”

Section: Pearls Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conditions leading to flow were those that increased engagement, matched challenge and skill level, and provided performance feedback. These authors reported that increased flow resulted in increased self-clarity, less defensiveness, and a focus on the present, each part of Csikszentmihalyi’s original model (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Kulkarni et al, 2016). Multiple authors have reported that flow and engagement is essential to art therapy and art-making activities and they report that it is associated with enhanced emotional and physical well-being (e.g., Bassi, Steca, Monzani, Greco, & Delle Fave, 2014; Chilton, 2013; Collins, Sarkisian, & Winner, 2009; Noy, Levit-Binun, & Golland, 2015; Sahoo & Sahu, 2009; Tsaur, Yen, & Hsiao, 2013).…”

Section: Pearls Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing and explaining art-making for mood-repair: The benefits of positive growth-oriented instructions and quiet ego contemplation.

Collier¹,

Wayment²

2021

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Although research supports the use of positively focused art-making activities in laboratory settings to improve mood, the literature is fraught with methodological issues and few investigators have developed a theoretical model to explain why it is psychologically beneficial. Through previous research, we developed a model outlining critical factors associated with well-being in the context of a personalized art-making task (P): it must be engaging (E), arousing (A), reduce rumination/self-focus (R), and increase life satisfaction (LS) or positive mood (PEARLS). We randomly assigned 216 participants to one of four art-making conditions, designed to either enhance negative or positive mood through a focus on rumination or growth. We found that a growth orientation during art making supported immediate mood repair, and, that this was not simply because of distraction. Planned comparisons confirmed the prediction that brief exposure to the quiet ego contemplation (QEC) intervention prior to growth-oriented art making was significantly more successful at enhancing positive mood than when no QEC was given and art making had a ruminative focus. Our findings suggest that clinicians should consider the benefits of priming activities, such as the QEC, before having clients engage in art-making activities to decrease self-focus. Our experimental study further supports our theoretical PEARLS model: in the context of personalized art-making activities, high flow, high arousal, and low rumination are essential for mood-repair to occur; positive mood may be facilitated by activities and mindsets that reduce self-focus and orient the individual toward growth and transcendence.

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“…Plus récemment, Kulkarni, Anderson, Sanders, Newbold et Martin (2016) ont effectué trois expérimentations auprès d'étudiants universitaires du premier cycle à l'aide d'un jeu à l'écran simple et intéressant. Ils ont manipulé le niveau de flow en incluant plus ou moins d'ingrédients du flow.…”

Section: Dans Le Domaine Du Travail Engeser Et Baumannunclassified

Le Point Sur Le Flow

Csíkszentmihályi

Bouffard

2017

rqpsy

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Le présent article aborde la définition, les caractéristiques et les diverses mesures de l’expérience optimale (flow). Il présente le contexte historique de sa conceptualisation théorique, les relations du flow avec le développement de la personne et la culture. L’article présente également des études récentes et révélatrices sur le flow. Il se termine avec quelques suggestions de recherches futures.This paper presents the definition, characteristics, and measures of the optimal experience or flow. It describes the historical foundation of the theory, the relations between flow and personal growth, and between flow and culture. It also provides some recent and important studies about flow. Finally, it offers a few suggestions for future research

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Manipulated flow reduces downstream defensiveness

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

Enhancing and explaining art-making for mood-repair: The benefits of positive growth-oriented instructions and quiet ego contemplation.

Le Point Sur Le Flow

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