Manipulating macrophage polarization with nanoparticles to control metastatic behavior in heterotypic breast cancer micro-tissues via exosome signaling

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles-induced M1-like macrophages release exosomes (PdNPs-Exo) with anti-tumorigenic bioactivity. PdNPs-Exo downregulates metastatic genes and increases drug sensitivity in heterotypic breast cancer models.