Manipulation of Auxin Response Factor 19 affects seed size in the woody perennial Jatropha curcas

Sun, Yanwei; Wang, Chunming; Wang, Ning; Jiang, Xiyuan; Mao, Hui-Zhu; Zhu, Changxiang; Wen, Fujiang; Wang, Xianghua; Lu, Zhijun; Yue, Gen Hua; Xu, Zeng-Fu; Jian, Ye

doi:10.1038/srep40844

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…An ARF18 mutation was found to increase seed weight and silique length in rapeseed, possibly by affecting cell wall development (Liu et al ., ). In Jatropha curcas , auxin treatment increases seed size, possibly by up‐regulating expression of an ARF19 homolog (Sun et al ., ). Our results suggested that ARF6/8 may also regulate seed size in camelina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α‐linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa

Grabowski

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYDespite well established roles of microRNAs in plant development, few aspects have been addressed to understand their effects in seeds especially on lipid metabolism. In this study, we showed that overexpressing microRNA167A (miR167OE) in camelina (Camelina sativa) under a seed-specific promoter changed fatty acid composition and increased seed size. Specifically, the miR167OE seeds had a lower a-linolenic acid with a concomitantly higher linoleic acid content than the wild-type. This decreased level of fatty acid desaturation corresponded to a decreased transcriptional expression of the camelina fatty acid desaturase3 (CsFAD3) in developing seeds. MiR167 targeted the transcription factor auxin response factor (CsARF8) in camelina, as had been reported previously in Arabidopsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments combined with transcriptome analysis indicated that CsARF8 bound to promoters of camelina bZIP67 and ABI3 genes. These transcription factors directly or through the ABI3-bZIP12 pathway regulate CsFAD3 expression and affect a-linolenic acid accumulation. In addition, to decipher the miR167A-CsARF8 mediated transcriptional cascade for CsFAD3 suppression, transcriptome analysis was conducted to implicate mechanisms that regulate seed size in camelina. Expression levels of many genes were altered in miR167OE, including orthologs that have previously been identified to affect seed size in other plants. Most notably, genes for seed coat development such as suberin and lignin biosynthesis were down-regulated. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid metabolism and seed size determination, and suggests possible approaches to improve these important traits in camelina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α‐linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa

Grabowski

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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“…In maize, an auxin biosynthesis mutation, de‐18 , reduced auxin content and seed size (Bernardi et al ., ), whereas in Medicago truncatula , a mutation that alters auxin distribution within reproductive tissues led to small seeds (Noguero et al ., ). In rice, the gene Big Grain 1 is thought to increase seed size by affecting auxin transport (Liu et al ., ), whereas in Jatropha curcas , overexpression of the Auxin Response Factor 19 gene resulted in larger seeds (Sun et al ., ). These results are consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence that auxin is required for normal seed size and starch synthesis in pea

et al. 2017

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In recent years the biosynthesis of auxin has been clarified with the aid of mutations in auxin biosynthesis genes. However, we know little about the effects of these mutations on the seed-filling stage of seed development. Here we investigate a key auxin biosynthesis mutation of the garden pea, which results in auxin deficiency in developing seeds. We exploit the large seed size of this model species, which facilitates the measurement of compounds in individual seeds. The mutation results in small seeds with reduced starch content and a wrinkled phenotype at the dry stage. The phenotypic effects of the mutation were fully reversed by introduction of the wild-type gene as a transgene, and partially reversed by auxin application. The results indicate that auxin is required for normal seed size and starch accumulation in pea, an important grain legume crop.

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“…The probable reasons for the above results may be related to physiological requirements, the structural limitations of seeds, and the microenvironment surrounding the seeds. Recent studies have shown that the environment experienced by plants during seed formation had important effects on seed characteristics [13], such as temperature [28], stand density, age of the mother tree [12], and hormone levels of the mother tree [29]. Therefore, seed size needs to be integrated with the external environmental factors of seed formation in explaining the natural regeneration of forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Seed Size and Sand Burial on Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings for Coastal Pinus thunbergii Parl. in the Northern Shandong Peninsula, China

Mao

Guo

Gao

et al. 2019

Forests

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This paper examines the effects of seed size and the depth of sand burial on seed germination and seedling development for Pinus thunbergii. Parl. Seeds from 20- to 30-year old trees grown in the coastal area of Yantai were divided into three size categories (large, medium, and small). The seeds were sown in pots with different depth of sand, and their germination and seedling growth during the first month were investigated. Results showed that large seeds possessed the highest 1000-seed weight and soluble sugar concentration. Large and medium seeds had a higher germination rate, germination index, vigor index, and seedling biomass than small seeds. With the increase in seed size, root mass ratio, root/shoot ratio, specific root length, and specific root area decreased, whereas leaf mass ratio increased. Sand burial depth significantly influenced seed germination and seedling growth, and the highest germination rate and seedling biomass were achieved with 2–3 cm sand burial. We also found that seedling biomass was positively related to germination rate, germination index, and vigor index, but was negatively related to mean germination time. Moreover, seedling biomass was negatively correlated with root mass ratio and root/shoot ratio, but positively correlated with leaf mass ratio, specific root length, and specific root area. The results suggest that seed size and sand burial depth are key factors in the regeneration of the coastal P. thunbergii forest.

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Manipulation of Auxin Response Factor 19 affects seed size in the woody perennial Jatropha curcas

Cited by 47 publications

References 71 publications

Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α‐linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa

Enhancing microRNA167A expression in seed decreases the α‐linolenic acid content and increases seed size in Camelina sativa

Evidence that auxin is required for normal seed size and starch synthesis in pea

Effects of Seed Size and Sand Burial on Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings for Coastal Pinus thunbergii Parl. in the Northern Shandong Peninsula, China

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