Manipulation of feeding regime alters sexual dimorphism for lifespan and reduces sexual conflict in
            <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Duxbury, Elizabeth M. L.; Rostant, Wayne G.; Chapman, Tracey

doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0391

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This content downloaded from 130.236.083.247 on March 22, 2019 08:57:58 AM quent replacement of competitor flies also likely explains why females had a shorter average life span than males in our experiments. In previous studies of our study population, we and others (e.g., Magwere et al 2004;Lehtovaara et al 2013;Griffin et al 2016;Duxbury et al 2017) have found that females outlive males. The degree of exposure to males does, however, have a large impact on survival of Drosophila melanogaster females (Partridge et al 1987;Friberg 2005;Lehtovaara et al 2013;Zajitschek et al 2013), and the fact that we replaced competitors more frequently than in any of the aforementioned studies therefore probably caused the shorter female life span.…”

Section: Genetic Quality and Sex-specific Aging 767supporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic Quality Affects the Rate of Male and Female Reproductive Aging Differently in Drosophila melanogaster

Brengdahl¹,

Kimber²,

Maguire-Baxter³

et al. 2018

The American Naturalist

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Dryad data: https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5089j74.abstract: Males and females often maximize fitness by pursuing different reproductive strategies, with males commonly assumed to benefit more from increased resource allocation into current reproduction. Such investment should trade off with somatic maintenance and may explain why males frequently live shorter than females. It also predicts that males should experience faster reproductive aging. Here we investigate whether reproductive aging and life span respond to condition differently in male and female Drosophila melanogaster, as predicted if sexual selection has shaped male and female resourceallocation patterns. We manipulate condition through genetic quality by comparing individuals inbred or outbred for a major autosome. While genetic quality had a similar effect on condition in both sexes, condition had a much larger general effect on male reproductive output than on female reproductive output, as expected when sexual selection on vigor acts more strongly on males. We find no differences in reproductive aging between the sexes in low condition, but in high condition reproductive aging is relatively faster in males. No corresponding sex-specific change was found for life span. The sex difference in reproductive aging appearing in high condition was specifically due to a decreased aging rate in females rather than any change in males. Our results suggest that females age slower than males in high condition primarily because sexual selection has favored sex differences in resource allocation under high condition, with females allocating relatively more toward somatic maintenance than males.

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Section: Genetic Quality and Sex-specific Aging 767supporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic Quality Affects the Rate of Male and Female Reproductive Aging Differently in Drosophila melanogaster

Brengdahl¹,

Kimber²,

Maguire-Baxter³

et al. 2018

The American Naturalist

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“…This was surprising, since in previous studies of this population we and others (e.g. Megwere et al 2004;Lehtovaara et al 2013;Carazo et al 2016;Griffin et al 2016;Duxbury et al 2017) have found that females outlive males. The degree of exposure to males does, however, have a large impact on survival of D. melanogaster females (Partridge et al 1987;Friberg 2005;Lethovaara et al 2013;Zajitschek et al 2013), and during the experiments we replaced competitor flies that focal individuals were housed with on a weekly basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…; Duxbury et al. ) have found that females outlive males. The degree of exposure to males does, however, have a large impact on survival of D. melanogaster females (Partridge et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex differences in life span: Females homozygous for the X chromosome do not suffer the shorter life span predicted by the unguarded X hypothesis

et al. 2018

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Life span differs between the sexes in many species. Three hypotheses to explain this interesting pattern have been proposed, involving different drivers: sexual selection, asymmetrical inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes, and hemizygosity of the X(Z) chromosome (the unguarded X hypothesis). Of these, the unguarded X has received the least experimental attention. This hypothesis suggests that the heterogametic sex suffers a shortened life span because recessive deleterious alleles on its single X(Z) chromosome are expressed unconditionally. In Drosophila melanogaster, the X chromosome is unusually large (∼20% of the genome), providing a powerful model for evaluating theories involving the X. Here, we test the unguarded X hypothesis by forcing D. melanogaster females from a laboratory population to express recessive X-linked alleles to the same degree as males, using females exclusively made homozygous for the X chromosome. We find no evidence for reduced life span or egg-to-adult viability due to X homozygozity. In contrast, males and females homozygous for an autosome both suffer similar, significant reductions in those traits. The logic of the unguarded X hypothesis is indisputable, but our results suggest that the degree to which recessive deleterious X-linked alleles depress performance in the heterogametic sex appears too small to explain general sex differences in life span.

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“…The sexually antagonistic selection that generates intralocus sexual conflict is widespread in natural populations (e.g., Cox & Calsbeek, ; Mainguy, Cote, Festa‐Bianchet, & Coltman, ) and has been detected in insects (e.g., Archer, Zajitschek, Sakaluk, Royle, & Hunt, ; Harano, Okada, Nakayama, Miyatake, & Hosken, ; Lewis, Wedell, & Hunt, ; Pischedda & Chippindale, ), vertebrates (Mokkonen et al, ), and plants (Delph et al, ). In addition to being taxonomically widespread, intralocus conflict has important and far‐reaching evolutionary effects, influencing demography (e.g., Berger et al, ; Katsuki, Harano, Miyatake, Okada, & Hosken, ), adaptation (e.g., Hawkes et al, ; Rostant, Kay, Wedell, & Hosken, ), life‐history strategies (e.g., Archer et al, ; Duxbury, Rostant, & Chapman, ), sex‐chromosome evolution (Mank et al, ), and speciation (Rice & Chippindale, ). Given the ubiquity of intralocus sexual conflict and its broad evolutionary impacts (reviewed in Bonduriansky & Chenoweth, ; van Doorn, ), it is important that we can accurately detect it and quantify its strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia infection can bias estimates of intralocus sexual conflict

Duffy

Archer

Sharma

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Males and females share most of their genome and develop many of the same traits. However, each sex frequently has different optimal values for these shared traits, creating intralocus sexual conflict. This conflict has been observed in wild and laboratory populations of insects and affects important evolutionary processes such as sexual selection, the maintenance of genetic variation, and possibly even speciation. Given the broad impacts of intralocus conflict, accurately detecting and measuring it is important. A common way to detect intralocus sexual conflict is to calculate the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness, with negative values suggesting conflict. Here, we highlight a potential confounder of this measure—cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by the intracellular parasite Wolbachia. Infection with Wolbachia can generate negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness in insects, suggestive of intralocus sexual conflict. This is because cytoplasmic incompatibility reduces the fitness of uninfected females mated to infected males, while uninfected males will not suffer reductions in fitness if they mate with infected females and may even be fitter than infected males. This can lead to strong negative intersexual genetic correlations for fitness, mimicking intralocus conflict. We illustrate this issue using simulations and then present Drosophila simulans data that show how reproductive incompatibilities caused by Wolbachia infection can generate signals of intralocus sexual conflict. Given that Wolbachia infection in insect populations is pervasive, but populations usually contain both infected and uninfected individuals providing scope for cytoplasmic incompatibility, this is an important consideration for sexual conflict research but one which, to date, has been largely underappreciated.

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Manipulation of feeding regime alters sexual dimorphism for lifespan and reduces sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic Quality Affects the Rate of Male and Female Reproductive Aging Differently in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetic Quality Affects the Rate of Male and Female Reproductive Aging Differently in Drosophila melanogaster

Sex differences in life span: Females homozygous for the X chromosome do not suffer the shorter life span predicted by the unguarded X hypothesis

Wolbachia infection can bias estimates of intralocus sexual conflict

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