“… Type | Force measurement | Ultrasound probe | Camera system | User interface |
Teleoperation | MGIUS-R3 , Shenzhen, China | Not specified | Serial; 6 DOF; custom design | External F sensor | Not specified | Not specified | Dummy probe (6 DOF, robot control), keyboard (US control) | Patient volunteer (1) | 1 | 2020 | [ 13 ] |
MELODY , Naveil, France | Cardiac, abdominal, vascular, pelvic, urinary, prenatal | Serial; 3 active DOF rotation, 3 passive DOF translation (manual); custom design | External F sensor; 20 N limit | Convex probe; C5-2 [BK Medical] | RGB camera (webcam conferencing) | Haptic device (6 DOF, custom, robot control), tablet/keyboard (US control) | Patient volunteers (> 300) | 2 | 2016; 2017; 2018 | [ 14 – 16 , 17 •] |
ReMeDi , Lublin, Poland | Cardiac, abdominal | Serial; 7 active DOF; custom design to reproduce human examiner | External FT sensor (6 DOF); max. force 40 N | Not specified | RGB camera (webcam conferencing) | Haptic device (6 DOF, custom, robot control) | Patient volunteers (> 10) | 2 | 2016; 2017; 2019; 2020 | [ 18 – 20 , 21 ••] |
TOURS (Sonoscanner-CNES), Tours, France | Abdominal, vascular, pelvic, prenatal | Parallel; 3 active DOF rotation, translational placement manual; custom design | None | 3D convex probe and linear probes; [Vermon] | RGB camera (webcam conferencing) | Dummy probe (robot control), keyboard (US control) | Patient volunteers (> 100) | 1 | 2016; 2018 | [ 22 , 23 •] |
ROBO Health Institute, Shenzhen, China | Not specified | Serial; 6 DOF (× 3 prismatic, × 3 revolute); custom design | External F sensor (6 DOF) | Convex probe; [SonoStar] |
…”