Manly to the core: Measuring men's implicit masculine self-concept via the Semantic Misattribution Procedure

Wong, Y. Joel; Burkley, Melissa; Bell, Angela C.; Wang, Shuyi; Klann, Elyssa M.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.026

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It would also call into question a number of second-generational tasks that attempt to exploit the misattribution of meaning (the Semantic Misattribution Procedure: Sava et al, 2012) and truth (the Truth Misattribution Procedure: Cummins & De Houwer, 2019). Such measures have themselves been used to investigate psychological phenomena like gender stereotypes (Ye & Gawronski, 2018), sexual preference, (Imhoff et al, 2011), self-concept (Wong, Burkley, Bell, Wang, & Klann, 2017), and personality (Sava et al, 2012). It seems likely that the very same issues associated with influenceawareness in the traditional AMP are likely to play similar roles in these other procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

S¹,

Cummins²,

Hussey³

2019

Preprint

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The Affect Misattribution Procedure has attracted considerable attention and use in psychological science as a measure of evaluations, attitudes, and biases. The AMP’s appeal to researchers is based in large part on the promise that it taps into unintentional and unaware (i.e., implicit) psychological processes. However, past claims about the implicitness of AMP effects may be inaccurate due to a range of methodological, statistical, and conceptual issues. We re-examine a key premise underpinning the AMP’s use (i.e., that AMP effects are driven by the unaware influence of primes on responses). Across five pre-registered experiments (N = 1021) plus meta-analyses, we demonstrate that AMP effects and their predictive validity are primarily driven by a subset of influence-aware trials (within individuals), and high rates of influence-awareness (between individuals). Counterintuitively, an individual’s influence-awareness rate in one AMP predicts their performance in a previously completed AMP, even when the AMPs assess entirely different attitude domains. Taken together, our results suggest that AMP effects are not particularly implicit, are not mediated by misattribution, and furthermore do not represent an equally valid measure of attitudes across individuals. All materials and data available at osf.io/gv7cm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

S¹,

Cummins²,

Hussey³

2019

Preprint

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“…For instance, Ye and Gawronski [14] found that the presentation of a stereotypically-masculine occupation prime word (e.g., doctor) led to participants evaluating Chinese characters as meaning “man” more often than when they were preceded by a stereotypically-feminine prime word (e.g., nurse). The SMP has also been used in the assessment of other constructs, for example sexual preference, personality, self-concept, and risk-taking [13, 15, 16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inkblot for beliefs: The Truth Misattribution Procedure

Cummins

Houwer

2019

PLoS ONE

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An increasing body of evidence shows the importance of accommodating relational information within implicit measures of psychological constructs. Whereas relational variants of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) have been proposed in the past, we put forward the Truth Misattribution Procedure (TMP) as a relational variant of the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) that aims to capture implicit beliefs. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that TMP effects are sensitive to the relational information contained within sentence primes, both in the context of causal stimulus relations of a known truth value (e.g., “smoking causes cancer” vs. “smoking prevents cancer”), as well as in the domain of gender stereotypes (e.g., “men are arrogant” vs. “men should be arrogant”). The potential benefits of the TMP are discussed.

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“…Immediately following this prime, participants are asked to make a judgment about an ambiguous target, usually an unknown Chinese character. Typically, this involves indicating if they found the target to be “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” A modified version called the Semantic Misattribution Procedure (SMP; Sava et al, ) involves participants making semantic judgments by rating an ambiguous target as it “does fit me” or “does not fit me” (Sava et al, ; Wong, Burkley, Bell, Klann, & Wang, ).…”

Section: Measuring Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, this involves indicating if they found the target to be "pleasant" or "unpleasant." A modified version called the Semantic Misattribution Procedure (SMP; Sava et al, 2012) involves participants making semantic judgments by rating an ambiguous target as it "does fit me" or "does not fit me" (Sava et al, 2012;Wong, Burkley, Bell, Klann, & Wang, 2016).…”

Section: Figure 2 Examples Of Fusion Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Becoming part of me: Examining when objects, thoughts, goals, and people become fused with the self‐concept

Hatvany

Burkley

Curtis

2017

Social & Personality Psych

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Fusion refers to the sense that a construct is integrated into the self-concept. When a person feels fused with a construct, there is a perceived "oneness" with the construct, and as a result, the construct is treated as an extension of the self. This concept of fusion has been explored across a wide range of constructs and within a number of subfields in psychology. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive view of the fusion process and to connect these disparate areas of literature underneath a single unifying theme. Specifically, we focus on five constructs that researchers have explored in terms of fusion: objects, thoughts, goals, significant others, and groups. In our review, we discuss the ways that fusion is typically measured and highlight the consequences that occur as a result of such fusion. We conclude by highlighting questions that remain unanswered and suggest potential areas of future development.Fusion refers to the sense that a construct is integrated into the self-concept. Combat veterans are good examples of individuals who fuse with those around them and their roles in combat. Their self-concept changes to include those roles and their comrades-in-arms. This fusion likely serves as a major source of motivation and morale and is likely beneficial to their survival. However, upon returning to civilian life, this fusion can make adjusting difficult. Without these parts of their self-concept, they may feel as if they have lost something of themselves. For other individuals, objects, thoughts, goals, and other people can become a part of their self-concept. This fusion with the self-concept can have a significant impact on their lives.The idea that a construct can become integrated, or fused, with the self-concept is not new to psychology. James (1890, p. 291) was one of the first to point out this integration of outside constructs with the self, stating, "It is clear that between what a man calls me and what he simply calls mine the line is difficult to draw." Similarly, Aron and Aron (1997) suggested that the more one perceives a construct as fused, the more the construct is included within the knowledge structures of the self. This means that when a particular construct is highly fused, it no longer is something the person simply does, wears, or thinks. Rather, it is a part of who they are. Thus, a person low in fusion with running "goes running," but a person high in fusion with running "is a runner." What constructs can become fused within the self-concept? Most obvious are constructs pertaining to our physical body (e.g., skin and fingers; see Allport, 1955;Belk, 1988;Burris & Rempel, 2004;James, 1890;Prelinger, 1959). We perceive parts of our body as pieces of our self. If we lose a finger or a limb, we lose a part of our self, but the overall self is still present. Extensions of the physical body can also be perceived as parts of our self, including our shadows or the warmth produced by our bodies (Horwicz, 1872). But fusion extends far beyond our physical form.In t...

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Manly to the core: Measuring men's implicit masculine self-concept via the Semantic Misattribution Procedure

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness

An inkblot for beliefs: The Truth Misattribution Procedure

Becoming part of me: Examining when objects, thoughts, goals, and people become fused with the self‐concept

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