Mannich reaction derived phthalocyanine polymer for electrochemical detection of salicylic acid

Kuntoji, Giddaerappa; Nemakal, Manjunatha; Mohammed, Imadadulla; Sannegowda, Lokesh Koodlur

doi:10.1016/j.ica.2020.119895

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The presence of the nitrile peak at 2243 cm −1 confirmed the formation of ligand 3, and the disappearance of this peak in phthalocyanine 4 suggested the successful formation of UTBrImPc. 27 Furthermore, the confirmation of the structure of the synthesized compounds and their purity were studied by using proton NMR spectroscopy. The 1 H NMR spectra of precursor compounds 2 and 3 are shown in Figures S1 and S2, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal phthalocyanines (MPc) have structural similarity to the pigment chlorophyll, and the central metal atom is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of iso-indole groups. They are electrochemically active and hence employed as catalysts for various electrochemical applications. − The transition MPcs are stable, and they have shown efficient activity for either the HER or OER, and only few catalysts have been assessed for bifunctional activity in water electrolyzers, but their performance is poor. ,, In recent years, the coordination chemistry of actinide phthalocyanines has gained interest along with long-studied transition MPcs. Uranium is one of the most prominent actinide elements with a longer half-life period and potential applications in the nuclear industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uranium Phthalocyanine-Anchored Acid-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Water Electrolysis

Giddaerappa,

Puttaningaiah,

Aralekallu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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One of the major challenges in the commercial production of hydrogen and oxygen from the electrochemical water splitting reaction is the nonavailability of potential and low-cost electrocatalysts for the enhancement of both the half-cell reactions. The bifunctional catalyst capable of demonstrating lower overpotentials for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) eliminates the usage of a membrane, simplifies the overall system design, reduces the cost, and enhances the electrochemical water splitting activity. Here, a bifunctional hybrid composite catalyst comprising an organic N4 macrocycle and acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated and tested for the water splitting reaction to produce H2 and O2. The uranium tetra[4-(2-{(E)-[(4-bromophenyl)imino]methyl}phenoxy)]phthalocyanine (UTBrImPc) is synthesized via a two-step process of imine and oxy-bridge linkage formation. The synthesized ligands and phthalocyanine macrocycle are characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and Ni foam are used as the conducting substrate for the fabrication of the UTBrImPc/MWCNT bifunctional electrode to generate H2 and O2. Surprisingly, the fabricated bifunctional hybrid catalyst on the GCE exhibited a lesser overpotential of 15 mV for the HER, which is close to that of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the Ni/UTBrImPc/MWCNT displayed a lower overpotential of 368 (±2) mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2 for the OER, which is close to the overpotential shown by the precious benchmark catalyst IrO2. In addition, the fabricated electrodes showed remarkable long-term stability for more than 20 h by a chronoamperometric method. The superior results for both the HER and OER at the composite organic hybrid catalyst may be due to the collusive effect of the acid-functionalized MWCNTs with UTBrImPc, which enhances the electronic conductivity and surface area. The developed state-of-the-art catalyst can be employed as a bifunctional catalyst in water electrolyzers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Phthalocyanine-Anchored Acid-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Water Electrolysis

Giddaerappa,

Puttaningaiah,

Aralekallu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…A small shoulder observed at about 605 nm is associated with oligomers present in poly [ Co ( II ) TPpPc ] and aggregation of phthalocyanine units. 19 , 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesized polymeric complex has an intense dark-green color, and the intense coloration of polymeric Pc is mainly due to the strong absorption of the Q-band and its higher energy vibronic satellite. A small shoulder observed at about 605 nm is associated with oligomers present in poly [ Co ( II ) TPpPc ] and aggregation of phthalocyanine units. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraphenolphthalein Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Polymer Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2022

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the main reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell that utilizes Pt/C as the benchmark catalyst. Due to sluggish activity, high cost, rare abundance, and durability issues, Pt/C must be replaced by nonprecious, stable, and easily synthesizable materials. This work involves the synthesis of novel, simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly phenolphthalein-bearing cobalt(II) phthalocyanine polymer, poly ( Co II TPpPc ) dyad, as an efficient catalyst for ORR. The results of analytical characterizations reveal the formation of the poly ( Co II TPpPc ) polymer in the pure state. To further enhance the catalytic response of poly ( Co II TPpPc ), a hybrid composite is prepared using poly ( Co II TPpPc ) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that increase the surface area and conductivity. The poly ( Co II TPpPc ) and hybrid composite are separately deposited on the electrode surfaces. The electron microscopy images confirm the uniform distribution of the poly ( Co II TPpPc ) molecules on the electrode surface and MWCNTs. The poly ( Co II TPpPc ) and hybrid composite electrodes are evaluated for ORR, and the hybrid composite exhibits better onset potential at 0.803 V versus reversible hydrogen reference electrode for ORR according to linear sweep voltammograms (LSVs). The obtained data are superior compared to those of other carbon-based redox-active materials reported previously and nearer to those of the benchmark catalyst (Pt/C). The rotating disc electrode measurement of the hybrid composite electrode confirms the total number of electrons involved in ORR to be four. Furthermore, the hybrid composite electrode exhibits an excellent stability for 100 LSV scans. The synergistic effect of poly ( Co II TPpPc ) and MWCNTs leads to the surprisingly high ORR activity due to the improved surface area, conductivity, and interfacial confined surface.

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“…The analytical response of the proposed sensor was enhanced in comparison to the bare sensor as a result of incorporating cobalt phthalocyanine polymer, which exhibits redox activity and holds potential as an electrocatalyst, and the utilization of Ketjen black, a type of carbon nanoparticles with high electrical conductivity and exceptional characteristics in terms of mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. 39 Kuang's team modified a glassy carbon electrode with copper nanoparticles-chitosan film-carbon nanoparticles multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite (CuNPs-CSF-CNPs-MWCNTs/GCE) for the simultaneous determination of salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, while Li's team used a poly(L-proline) nanoparticles-carbon dots-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite modified glassy carbon electrode (PPRONPs-CDs-MWCNTs/GCE). In terms of analytical performance for the determination of salicylic acid, PPRONPs-CDs-MWCNTs/GCE achieved better results concerning dynamic range and LOD, while CuNPs-CSF-CNPs-MWCNTs/GCE has the advantage of being obtained by a single co-electrodeposition process.…”

Section: Electrochemical Sensors Used For the Determination Of Topica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Novel Trends in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds Commonly Found in Topical Treatments using Electrochemical Sensing Approaches

Tuchiu,

Stefan-van Staden,

van Staden

2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Topical treatments rely on drugs that play a crucial role in addressing skin and mucous membrane disorders. Therefore, it is highly needed to utilize accurate analytical techniques that can determine the concentration of these chemicals in various sample matrices, including pharmaceuticals, food, and water. Currently, electrochemical sensors are predominantly used in specific fields such as biomedical, industrial, and environmental monitoring, while they have not yet been incorporated into the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. However, electrochemical methods employing an expanding range of sensors provide a reliable, cost-effective, and efficient substitute for classical analytical methods. Their potential is highly favorable, offering possibilities for simultaneous determination, miniaturization, and real-time on-site monitoring. This work covers numerous sensors designed between 2020 and 2023 for the determination of topical drugs, highlighting their respective benefits and drawbacks while illuminating emerging trends. Moreover, it discusses the correlation between the used materials and the ease of manufacturing, to the achieved results, including dynamic range, detection limit, sensitivity, and selectivity. This work aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers in the evolving field of electrochemical sensing by providing guidance and facilitating decision-making, which could lead to significant innovations in sensor technology.

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Mannich reaction derived phthalocyanine polymer for electrochemical detection of salicylic acid

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Uranium Phthalocyanine-Anchored Acid-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Water Electrolysis

Uranium Phthalocyanine-Anchored Acid-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Water Electrolysis

Tetraphenolphthalein Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Polymer Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Review—Novel Trends in the Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds Commonly Found in Topical Treatments using Electrochemical Sensing Approaches

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