14The valence of carbon is governed by the oxidation state of the host system. The subducted oceanic 15 lithosphere contains considerable amounts of iron so that Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ equilibria in mineral 16 assemblages are able to buffer the fO2 and the valence of carbon. Alternatively, carbon itself can be 17 a carrier of redox budget when transferred from the slab to the mantle, prompting the oxidation of 18 the sub-arc mantle. Also, the oxidation of sedimentary carbonaceous matter to CO2 in the slab could 19 consume the available redox budget. Therefore, the correct use of intensive and extensive variables 20 to define the slab-to-mantle redox budget by C-bearing fluids is of primary importance when 21 considering different fluid/rock ratios.
22Fluid-mediated processes at the slab-mantle interface can be investigated also experimentally. The 23 presence of CO2 (or CH4 at highly reduced conditions) in aqueous COH fluids in peridotitic systems 24 affects the positions of carbonation/decarbonation reactions and of the solidus. Some methods to 25 produce and analyse COH fluid-saturated experiments in model systems are introduced, together 26 with the measurement of experimental COH fluids composition in terms of volatiles and dissolved 27 solutes. The role of COH fluids in the stability of hydrous and carbonate minerals is discussed 28 comparing experimental results with thermodynamic models. 29 30 Keywords 31 Carbonates, oxygen fugacity, subduction, COH fluids, peridotite.32 33 Formattato: Italiano (Italia)The major volatiles in the Earth are nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. The distribution of these 34 volatiles between the Earth's principal reservoirs (core, mantle, crust and atmosphere) has had and 35 continues to have great influence on both surface and interior dynamics. During the early stages of 36 the Earth's history, the abundances of these volatiles in the different reservoirs were determined by 37 the coupled evolution of the terrestrial magma ocean and the primitive atmosphere (Hier-Majumder 38