Mantle Sources of Recent Anatolian Intraplate Magmatism: A Regional Plume or Local Tectonic Origin?

Nikogosian, I.; Gartner, A.J.J. Bracco; Bergen, Manfred J. van; Mason, Paul R.D.; Hinsbergen, Douwe J.J. van

doi:10.1029/2018tc005219

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(464 reference statements)

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“…More generally, the isotopic features of the Toprakkale basanites, and specifically the Hf and Pb isotopic data reported here, lie within mantle arrays defined by the isotopic characteristics of oceanic basalts, and close to those with a common mantle component ("C"; Hanan and Graham, 1996). As noted previously by several authors (Polat et al, 1997;Alıcı et al, 2001;Yurtmen et al, 2002;Oyan, 2018;Nikogosian et al, 2018), the incompatible element characteristics of the basanites resemble those of OIB (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Research Papersupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The ~90 km depth estimate for melt equilibration is consistent with REE and HFSE evidence for Toprakkale basanite generation in the garnet stability field ( Fig. 8; Oyan, 2018;Nikogosian et al, 2018). The corresponding equilibration pressures are within 0.3 GPa of values reported previously (Çoban, 2007;Reid et al, 2017;Nikogosian et al, 2018), albeit for a larger number of samples and with differing assumptions about primary melt compositions.…”

Section: Research Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

“…6). Major-and trace-element compositions of samples determined from this study from both the Toprakkale and Karasu volcanic fields support previous analyses (e.g., Polat et al, 1997;Yurtmen et al, 2000;Alıcı et al, 2001;Nikogosian et al, 2018;Oyan, 2018), in that many samples were alkaline (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Petrography and Rock Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The isotopic and enriched trace-element compositions of basalts from the Toprakkale and Karasu volcanic fields have been variously ascribed to subduction-modified sources (Yurtmen et al, 2000;Italiano et al, 2017), mantle signatures overprinted by crustal contributions (Alıcı et al, 2001;Oyan, 2018), and mantle source heterogeneity (Nikogosian et al, 2018). The elevated 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and Pb/ 204 Pb values of the basalts could, by analogy with Miocene central Anatolian basalts, reflect metasomatism of the lithosphere by a subduction-related component.…”

Section: Magma Sources and Melt Equilibration Depths: Toprakkale And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction

et al. 2020

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The Anatolia (Eurasia), Arabia, and Africa tectonic plates intersect in southeast Turkey, near the Gulf of İskenderun, forming a tectonically active and unstable triple junction (the A3 triple junction). The plate boundaries are marked by broad zones of major, dominantly left-lateral transform faults including the East Anatolian fault zone (the Anatolia-Arabia boundary) and the Dead Sea fault zone (the Arabia-Africa boundary). Quaternary basalts occur locally within these “leaky” transform fault zones (similar to those observed within oceanic transform faults), providing evidence that mantle melting, basalt genesis, and eruption are linked to crustal deformation and faulting that extends into the upper mantle. We investigated samples of alkaline basalt (including basanite) from the Toprakkale and Karasu volcanic fields within a broad zone of transtension associated with these plate-boundary faults near the İskenderun and Amik Basins, respectively. Toprakkale basalts and basanites have 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages ranging from 810 ± 60 ka to 46 ± 13 ka, and Karasu volcanic field basalts have 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages ranging from 2.63 ± 0.17 Ma to 52 ± 16 ka. Two basanite samples within the Toprakkale volcanic field have isotopic characteristics of a depleted mantle source, with 87Sr/86Sr of 0.703070 and 0.703136, 143Nd/144Nd of 0.512931 and 0.512893, 176Hf/177Hf of 0.283019 and 0.282995, 206Pb/204Pb of 19.087 and 19.155, and 208Pb/204Pb of 38.861 and 38.915. The 176Hf/177Hf ratios of Toprakkale basalts (0.282966–0.283019) are more radiogenic than Karasu basalts (0.282837–0.282965), with some overlap in 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.512781–0.512866 vs. 0.512648–0.512806). Toprakkale 206Pb/204Pb ratios (19.025 ± 0.001) exhibit less variation than that observed for Karasu basalts (18.800–19.324), and 208Pb/204Pb values for Toprakkale basalts (38.978–39.103) are slightly lower than values for Karasu basalts (39.100–39.219). Melting depths estimated for the basalts from both volcanic fields generally cluster between 60 and 70 km, whereas the basanites record melting depths of ∼90 km. Depth estimates for the basalts largely correspond to the base of a thin lithosphere (∼60 km) observed by seismic imaging. We interpret the combined radiogenic isotope data (Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb) from all alkaline basalts to reflect partial melting at the base of the lithospheric mantle. In contrast, seismic imaging indicates a much thicker (>100 km) lithosphere beneath southern Anatolia, a substantial part of which is likely subducted African lithosphere. This thicker lithosphere is adjacent to the surface locations of the basanites. Thus, the greater melting depths inferred for the basanites may include partial melt contributions either from the lithospheric mantle of the attached and subducting African (Cyprean) slab, or from partial melting of detached blocks that foundered due to convective removal of the Anatolian lithosphere and that subsequently melted at ∼90 km depth within the asthenosphere. The Quaternary basalts studied here are restricted to a broad zone of transtension formed in response to the development of the A3 triple junction, with an earliest erupted age of 2.63 Ma. This indicates that the triple junction was well established by this time. While the current position of the A3 triple junction is near the Amik Basin, faults and topographic expressions indicate that inception of the triple junction began as early as 5 Ma in a position farther to the northeast of the erupted basalts. Therefore, the position of the A3 triple junction appears to have migrated to the southwest since the beginning of the Pliocene as the Anatolia-Africa plate boundary has adjusted to extrusion (tectonic escape) of the Anatolia plate. Establishment of the triple junction over the past 5 m.y. was synchronous with rollback of the African slab beneath Anatolia and associated trench retreat, consistent with Pliocene uplift in Cyprus and with the current positions of plate boundaries. The A3 triple junction is considered to be unstable and likely to continue migrating to the southwest for the foreseeable geologic future.

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Section: Research Papersupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Research Papersupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Petrography and Rock Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Magma Sources and Melt Equilibration Depths: Toprakkale And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction

et al. 2020

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“…b Simplified map of the East Carpathian volcanic range, showing the sample locations and the temporal and spatial evolution of volcanism (Seghedi et al 2019; age data after Pécskay et al 1995Pécskay et al , 2006Molnár et al 2019) location of the mantle source (e.g. Sobolev 1996;Danyushevsky et al 2002;Nikogosian et al 2016Nikogosian et al , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthenosphere-induced melting of diverse source regions for East Carpathian post-collisional volcanism

Gartner

Seghedi

Nikogosian

et al. 2020

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The occurrence of post-subduction magmatism in continental collision zones is a ubiquitous feature of plate tectonics, but its relation with geodynamic processes remains enigmatic. The nature of mantle sources in these settings, and their interaction with subduction-related components, are difficult to constrain using bulk rocks when magmas are subject to mixing and assimilation within the crust. Here we examine post-collisional magma sources in space and time through the chemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions and early-formed minerals (spinel, olivine and clinopyroxene) in primitive volcanic rocks from the Neogene-Quaternary East Carpathian volcanic range in Călimani (calc-alkaline; 10.1-6.7 Ma), Southern Harghita (calc-alkaline to shoshonitic; 5.3-0.03 Ma) and the Perșani Mountains (alkali basaltic; 1.2-0.6 Ma). Călimani calc-alkaline parental magma compositions indicate a lithospheric mantle source metasomatised by ~ 2% sediment-derived melts, and are best reproduced by ~ 2-12% melting. Mafic K-alkaline melts in Southern Harghita originate from a melt-and fluidmetasomatised lithospheric mantle source containing amphibole (± phlogopite), by ~ 5% melting. Intraplate Na-alkaline basalts from Racoș (Perșani) reflect small-degree (1-2%) asthenosphere-derived parental melts which experienced minor interaction with metasomatic components in the lithosphere. An important feature of the East Carpathian post-collisional volcanism is that the lithospheric source regions are located in the lower plate (distal Europe-Moesia), rather than the overriding plate (Tisza-Dacia). The volcanism appears to have been caused by (1) asthenospheric uprise following slab sinking and possibly south-eastward propagating delamination and breakoff, which induced melting of the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle (Călimani to Southern Harghita); and (2) decompression melting as a consequence of minor asthenospheric upwelling (Perșani).

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The origin of Na-alkaline lavas revisited: new constraints from experimental melting of amphibole-rich metasomes+lherzolite at uppermost mantle pressure

Grützner,

Prelević,

Berndt

et al. 2023

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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We present a new experimental dataset for reaction experiments between natural amphibole-clinopyroxene metasomes (hornblendite) and synthetic lherzolite that produced Na-rich alkaline melts. Experiments were conducted at 1, 3 and 4 GPa and 1000–1300 °C. The generated melts range from foidite over basanite to phonotephrite. At 1 GPa between 1000 and 1100 °C amphibole decompression-breakdown products generate a phonotephritic melt. Among the breakdown components rhönite was found to be stable up to 1100 °C and 1 GPa. At 3 and 4 GPa the melt compositions are affected by phlogopite melting and shift to more foiditic compositions. We find that the melting of hornblendites and the reaction of the melt with the lherzolite produce wehrlitic residues with different olivine/clinopyroxene ratios. Wehrlite formation does not always require separate metasomatic processes but can be a direct by-product of alkaline volcanism. We applied a metasome melting model to the magmas of the Kula volcanic province, Turkey, and show that at 1 GPa basanite melts and phonotephrite melts cover the whole range of known Kula lava compositions. The Kula lava compositional trend can be therefore generated by basanite-phonotephrite melt mixing. A comparison of high-pressure (3–4 GPa) melts with natural nephelinite data shows overlap with many major, minor, and trace elements but differences in SiO2, FeO, and TiO2 argue that the natural nephelinite data do not represent primary metasome melts.

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Mantle Sources of Recent Anatolian Intraplate Magmatism: A Regional Plume or Local Tectonic Origin?

Cited by 24 publications

References 173 publications

Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction

Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction

Asthenosphere-induced melting of diverse source regions for East Carpathian post-collisional volcanism

The origin of Na-alkaline lavas revisited: new constraints from experimental melting of amphibole-rich metasomes+lherzolite at uppermost mantle pressure

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