Mantle temperature as a control on the time scale of thermal evolution of extensional basins

Petersen, K.; Armitage, John; Nielsen, Søren B.; Thybo, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.043

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We define a strong and a weak lower crust, respectively, following Schmalholz et al (2009), where the weak lower crust is based on the experimentally derived properties of diabase (Afonso & Ranalli, 2004), and the strong lower crust is the Columbia diabase from Mackwell et al (1998; see Table 1 of the supporting information). The upper crust is wet quartzite (Ranalli, 1995), and a combined diffusion/dislocation creep dry olivine flow law based on Karato and Wu (1993) is assumed for both the lithosphere and asthenosphere (see Petersen et al, 2015). While the parameter values are based on limited experimental evidence, the important point is that the difference in lower crustal strength is six orders of magnitude between the strong and weak case (Schmalholz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate this duration we use the model time taken to generate 8 km of igneous crust. Therefore, to explore the combined effects of the rate of extension and crustal rheology we will focus on a mantle potential temperature of 1; 350 C ( Figure 5), which is close to that required to match the global trend of oceanic subsidence (Petersen et al, 2015). Therefore, to explore the combined effects of the rate of extension and crustal rheology we will focus on a mantle potential temperature of 1; 350 C ( Figure 5), which is close to that required to match the global trend of oceanic subsidence (Petersen et al, 2015).…”

Section: 1002/2017gc007326mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

Armitage

Petersen

Pérez‐Gussinyé

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The strength of the crust has a strong impact on the evolution of continental extension and breakup. Strong crust may promote focused narrow rifting, while wide rifting might be due to a weaker crustal architecture. The strength of the crust also influences deeper processes within the asthenosphere. To quantitatively test the implications of crustal strength on the evolution of continental rift zones, we developed a 2‐D numerical model of lithosphere extension that can predict the rare Earth element (REE) chemistry of erupted lava. We find that a difference in crustal strength leads to a different rate of depletion in light elements relative to heavy elements. By comparing the model predictions to rock samples from the Basin and Range, USA, we can demonstrate that slow extension of a weak continental crust can explain the observed depletion in melt chemistry. The same comparison for the Main Ethiopian Rift suggests that magmatism within this narrow rift zone can be explained by the localization of strain caused by a strong lower crust. We demonstrate that the slow extension of a strong lower crust above a mantle of potential temperature of 1,350 °C can fit the observed REE trends and the upper mantle seismic velocity for the Main Ethiopian Rift. The thermo‐mechanical model implies that melt composition could provide quantitative information on the style of breakup and the initial strength of the continental crust.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1002/2017gc007326mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

Armitage

Petersen

Pérez‐Gussinyé

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The resulting linear system is solved iteratively, using a Gauss-Seidel scheme (Press et al, 1992) combined with multigrid (Tackley, 2008). This allows for high numerical efficiency and resolution (Petersen et al, 2010;Petersen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Dpicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Coulomb angle-oriented shear bands in numerical tectonic models

Choi

Petersen

2015

Tectonophysics

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“…During the last decade, a variety of numerical codes have been developed and 2D numerical modeling became a standard tool to investigate rift processes [e.g. Nagel and Buck, 2004;Lavier and Manatschal, 2006;Pérez-Gussinyé et al, 2006;Buiter et al, 2008;Gueydan et al, 2008;van Wijk et al, 2008;Jammes et al, 2010;Rosenbaum et al, 2010;Wallner and Schmeling, 2010;Huet et al, 2011;Huismans and Beaumont, 2011;Rey et al, 2011;Armitage et al, 2012;Beaumont and Ings, 2012;Choi and Buck, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Chenin and Beaumont, 2013;Gueydan and Précigout, 2013;Watremez et al, 2013;Brune et al, 2014;Liao and Gerya, 2014;Clift et al, 2015;Petersen et al, 2015;Sharples et al, 2015]. The major limiting factor when conducting 3D numerical models is the model resolution.…”

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rifts and Rifted Margins: A Review of Geodynamic Processes and Natural Hazards

Brune¹

2017

Preprint

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This review provides an introduction to the geodynamic processes that influence tectonic rift evolution and rifted margin architecture. With a strong focus on numerical modeling, I summarize classical and recent insights on rift evolution with differentiation between 2D and 3D concepts and models. One of the key processes during rift evolution is crust-mantle coupling, which controls not only the width of a rift system but also crustal hyperextension and the degree of final margin asymmetry. Accounting for 3D rift geometries allows investigating along-strike heterogeneities, rift segmentation and rift obliquity. Large amounts of sediments have accumulated at rifted margins, especially at the mouths of large rivers and former glaciers, providing important stratigraphic archives and georesources. Shifting the focus from the geological scale of continental extension to the human time scale, natural hazards are discussed regarding earthquakes and volcanic eruptions during active rifting. Finally, I review natural hazards due to passive margin seismicity as well as slope instabilities at heavily sedimented continental margins that have the potential to generate large landslide tsunamis.

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Mantle temperature as a control on the time scale of thermal evolution of extensional basins

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

The Role of Crustal Strength in Controlling Magmatism and Melt Chemistry During Rifting and Breakup

Making Coulomb angle-oriented shear bands in numerical tectonic models

Rifts and Rifted Margins: A Review of Geodynamic Processes and Natural Hazards

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