Mantle thermochemical variations beneath the continental United States through petrologic interpretation of seismic tomography

Shinevar, William J.; Golos, E. M.; Jagoutz, Oliver; Behn, M. D.; Hilst, Robert D. van der

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117965

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…(2020), and Shinevar et al. (2023) since their techniques, data and study regions are the closest to ours. Shinevar et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Our temperatures are consistently lower than those reported by Shinevar et al. (2023) because our study area only captures the edge of this anomaly and not its core. The thinnest lithosphere in our study region (∼150 km) is found in the vicinity of the NAA, and compositions are highly fertile (Mg# ∼89.5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Shinevar et al. (2023) shows a uniformly hotter lithospheric mantle beneath the Grenville province than the Archean lithospheric mantle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Shinevar et al. (2023) estimate mantle temperature and composition from seismic wavespeeds for a tomographic model covering the continental USA and southeastern Canada, though their model does not cover our entire study area. Eeken et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies also estimated lithospheric thickness using the depth at which the conductive geotherm of the lithosphere intersected the mantle adiabat; the modeled lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) depth varied from ∼150 km beneath the southern Grenville province to ∼340 km beneath the central core of the WS craton (Altoe et al, 2020;Eeken et al, 2020). Shinevar et al (2023) carried out large-scale thermochemical modeling for the contiguous United States and parts of central/eastern Canada, using 60, 80, and 100 km depth slices from a recent tomographic model that solved for Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs. They applied a toolbox of reference wave speeds at different pressures and temperatures for a database of anhydrous ultramafic rock compositions to determine temperature and density variations as well as chemical depletion.…”

Section: Previous Thermo-compositional Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochemical Structure of the Superior Craton and Environs: Implications for the Evolution and Preservation of Cratonic Lithosphere

Dave,

Darbyshire,

Afonso

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Archean Superior craton was formed by the assemblage of continental and oceanic terranes at ∼2.6 Ga. The craton is surrounded by multiple Proterozoic mobile belts, including the Paleoproterozoic Trans‐Hudson Orogen which brought together the Superior and Rae/Hearne cratons at ∼1.9–1.8 Ga. Despite numerous studies on Precambrian lithospheric formation and evolution, the deep thermochemical structure of the Superior craton and its surroundings remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the upper mantle beneath the region from the surface to 400 km depth by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data, elevation, geoid height and surface heat flow, using a probabilistic inversion to obtain a (pseudo‐)3D model of composition, density and temperature. The lithospheric structure is dominated by thick cratonic roots (>300 km) beneath the eastern and western arms of the Superior craton, with a chemically depleted signature (Mg# > 92.5), consistent with independent results from mantle xenoliths. Beneath the surrounding Proterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens, the Mid‐continent Rift and Hudson Strait, we observe a relatively thinner lithosphere and more fertile composition, indicating that these regions have undergone lithospheric modification and erosion. Our model supports the hypothesis that the core of the Superior craton is well‐preserved and has evaded lithospheric destruction and refertilization. We propose three factors playing a critical role in the craton's stability: (a) the presence of a mid‐lithospheric discontinuity, (b) the correct isopycnic conditions to sustain a strength contrast between the craton and the surrounding mantle, and (c) the presence of weaker mobile belts around the craton.

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“…(2020), and Shinevar et al. (2023) since their techniques, data and study regions are the closest to ours. Shinevar et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Shinevar et al. (2023) shows a uniformly hotter lithospheric mantle beneath the Grenville province than the Archean lithospheric mantle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Thermo-compositional Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thermochemical Structure of the Superior Craton and Environs: Implications for the Evolution and Preservation of Cratonic Lithosphere

Dave,

Darbyshire,

Afonso

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Thermal Earth model for the conterminous United States using an interpolative physics-informed graph neural network

Aljubran,

Horne

2024

Geotherm Energy

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This study presents a data-driven spatial interpolation algorithm based on physics-informed graph neural networks used to develop a thermal Earth model for the conterminous United States. The model was trained to approximately satisfy Fourier’s Law of conductive heat transfer by simultaneously predicting subsurface temperature, surface heat flow, and rock thermal conductivity. In addition to bottomhole temperature measurements, we incorporated other spatial and physical quantities as model inputs, such as depth, geographic coordinates, elevation, sediment thickness, magnetic anomaly, gravity anomaly, gamma-ray flux of radioactive elements, seismicity, electrical conductivity, and proximity to faults and volcanoes. With a spatial resolution of $$18 \ km^2$$ 18 k m 2 per grid cell, we predicted heat flow at surface as well as temperature and rock thermal conductivity across depths of $$0-7 \ km$$ 0 - 7 k m at an interval of $$1 \ km$$ 1 k m . Our model showed temperature, surface heat flow and thermal conductivity mean absolute errors of $$6.4^\circ C$$ 6 . 4 ∘ C , $$6.9 \ mW/m^2$$ 6.9 m W / m 2 and $$0.04 \ W/m-K$$ 0.04 W / m - K , respectively. This thorough modeling of the Earth’s thermal processes is crucial to understanding subsurface phenomena and exploiting natural underground resources. Our thermal Earth model is available as web application at https://stm.stanford.edu, feature layers on ArcGIS at https://arcg.is/nLzzT0, and tabulated data on the Geothermal Data Repository at https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1592.

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Bimodality of P-wave travel time residuals found in the CTBTO seismological data (REB-bulletins)

Havir

2024

Acta Geodynamica Et Geomaterialia

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REB-bulletins of CTBTO from the period 2000-2023 were used for simple statistical evaluation of the travel time residuals of P-waves detected at the epicentral distance from 30° to 90° arrived from the seismic events of magnitude 5 or greater, with hypocentre no deeper than 50 km. While histograms of time residuals calculated for individual stations of the International Monitoring System CTBTO show expected unimodal (Gaussian) distribution, curves expressing distribution of the arithmetic means and medians calculated from data of these individual stations are bimodal. This bimodality can be explained by the sum of two Gaussian curves related to groups of "fast" and "slow" stations, with a modus difference of about 0.4 to 0.5 seconds. Although discussed bimodality is best visible on residuals related to phases detected at the epicentral distance 70° to 90°, it is evident that also curves related to the nearest evaluated phases (from 30° to 50°) are the sum of two Gaussian curves. So, the reason for bimodality should be sought in the upper mantle or crust, which is consistent with the assumption of "two kinds" of the continental lithosphere (Poupinet et al., 2003). The distribution of "fast" and "slow" stations on the map corresponds with published results of global seismic tomography studies.

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Mantle thermochemical variations beneath the continental United States through petrologic interpretation of seismic tomography

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Thermochemical Structure of the Superior Craton and Environs: Implications for the Evolution and Preservation of Cratonic Lithosphere

Thermochemical Structure of the Superior Craton and Environs: Implications for the Evolution and Preservation of Cratonic Lithosphere

Thermal Earth model for the conterminous United States using an interpolative physics-informed graph neural network

Bimodality of P-wave travel time residuals found in the CTBTO seismological data (REB-bulletins)

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