Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the “Delmarva” states

Abstract

Тhe agromyzid (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) fauna of America north of Mexico is described in the first part of this publication, including a genus key and discussions on morphology, life history and classification. The second part is a species-level revision of the family in the “Delmarva” states of the United States of America, that is, of the District of Columbia and the surrounding states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. The fauna of this region includes 156 species. This study presents 346 new state and provincial records and 23 new country records, two of which are new continental records (Agromyza abiens Zetterstedt and A. apfelbecki Strobl). Liriomyza endiviae Hering is no longer considered to occur in North America. Fifteen species are newly described: Agromyza echinalissp. nov., Melanagromyza brunkeisp. nov., M. eoflacensissp. nov., M. glyptossp. nov., M. rutellasp. nov., Ophiomyia capitoliasp. nov., O. cupreasp. nov., O. galiodessp. nov., O. heleiossp. nov., O. kaliasp. nov., O. laticolissp. nov., Cerodontha (Poemyza) ungulasp. nov., Phytomyza avicursasp. nov., P. catenulasp. nov., and P. winklerisp. nov. Four new species-level synonyms and one genus-level synonym are provided: Agromyza marmorensis Spencer syn. nov. is included as a synonym of A. aristata Malloch; Melanagromyza fastosa Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Ophiomyia tiliae (Couden); Melanagromyza verbesinae Spencer is considered a synonym of M. vernoniana Steyskal; Phytomyza ranunculoides Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytomyza loewii Hendel; the genus Liomycina Enderlein, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytobia Lioy. Ophiomyia ultima (Spencer), comb. nov. is recombined from Melanagromyza. Euhexomyza albicula Spencer, stat. reinst., comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with E. winnemanae (Malloch). New host records are given.

A genome‐wide phylogeny and the diversification of genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from anchored phylogenomics

“…Most Liriomyza species use angiosperms as hosts, but some are known from gymnosperms or pteridophytes (Benavent-Corai et al, 2005;Lonsdale, 2021;Spencer, 1990). Together, Liriomyza species feed on at least 95 plant families in 37 orders (Spencer, 1990;Lonsdale, 2021;Table 5). Most Liriomyza species are host plant specialists, whether known from a single host plant species, genus, or family (Spencer, 1990).…”

“…In Liriomyza, most species are readily diagnosed by a dark brown or black notum with yellow shoulders and a sharply defined yellow medial stripe on the scutellum as well as a stridulatory organ anterolaterally present in the male abdominal membrane (Lonsdale, 2021;von Tschirnhaus, 1971). Even with these, it is still challenging and difficult to define some Liriomyza species due to similarities in external morphology with other genera in Agromyzidae (Lonsdale, 2011(Lonsdale, , 2017Zlobin, 1996).…”

“…Even with these, it is still challenging and difficult to define some Liriomyza species due to similarities in external morphology with other genera in Agromyzidae (Lonsdale, 2011(Lonsdale, , 2017Zlobin, 1996). For example, some Liriomyza species have reduced chaetotaxy and venation or pale grey pruinosity on the thorax, resembling Haplopeodes species, while some are predominantly superficially yellow in external appearance resembling Phytoliriomyza, in addition, some possess the yellow scutellum and dark shiny scutum resembling Metopomyza (Lonsdale, 2021). Thus, given these similarities in external morphology, dissection of male genitalia is required to diagnose Liriomyza in combination with DNA barcoding to fully identify species.…”

Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts

“…Thalloid liverwort and hornwort genera, with number of species of each genus and phytophagous insect species associated with the genera in Japan. Terminology follows that outlined in Lonsdale (2021), with the fronto-orbital setae divided into the inferior orbital setae (ori) and the superior orbital setae (ors); antenna treated as scape, pedicel, 1 st flagellomere, and arista toward tip; and male genitalia treated as epiphallus, phallophorus, basiphallus, hypophallus, paraphallus (if present), mesophallus, and distiphallus. Wing vein terminology follows Lonsdale and von Tschirnhaus (2021).…”

“…Phytoliriomyza is a heterogenous genus whose biology is poorly known (Lonsdale 2021). Among the 116 described species, host plants were known for only 17 species that feed on liverworts (1 sp.…”