Manual Transmission Enhances Attention and Driving Performance of ADHD Adolescent Males

Cox, Daniel J.; Punja, Mohan; Powers, Katie; Merkel, R. Lawrence; Burket, Roger C.; Moore, Melissa; Thorndike, Frances P.; Kovatchev, Boris

doi:10.1177/1087054706288103

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Both studies included adolescents. Cox et al [29] reasoned that compared with vehicles with an automatic transmission, those with a manual transmission require more attention to drive and have naturally occurring negative consequences if such attention is not sufficient (eg, grinding gears and stalled engines). In their crossover, single-blind study, 10 adolescents (mean age, 18.5 years) with ADHD were trained to drive a simulator in both the automatic and manual (4-speed) transmission modes during a 90-min session.…”

Section: Benefits Of Nonpharmacologic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Driving: Why and How to Manage It

Cox

Madaan

Cox

2011

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Driving is a complex task that can be a significant challenge for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A slight lapse in attention or inhibition while driving (not uncommon in individuals with ADHD) can result in hazardous consequences for these individuals and their families. This is also an interesting clinical scenario for the treating physician, who is always trying to optimize the various treatment options for the patient. Despite such potentially perilous consequences for society, this subject only recently has received researchers' attention. This review paper highlights the psychological differences between drivers with and without ADHD and examines differences between these groups in various driving simulation models. Research updates involving pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are discussed at length. Although the long-term effects of such interventions may not be clearly defined, there is enough evidence to suggest the public health significance of such interventions for optimally managing adult symptoms of ADHD.

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Section: Benefits Of Nonpharmacologic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Driving: Why and How to Manage It

Cox

Madaan

Cox

2011

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…For example, in addition to promising investigations of the effects of ADHD medications on driving performance (e.g., Barkley, Anderson, & Kruesi, 2007; Barkley, Murphy, O’Connell, & Connor, 2005; Biederman et al, 2012; Cox et al, 2012; Kay, Michaels, & Pakull, 2009; Verster et al, 2008), experimental interventions have focused on the effects of manual versus automatic transmission (Cox et al, 2006), GPS vehicle tracking with associated incentives and disincentives (Markham, Porter, & Ball, 2011), and multi-component psychosocial treatment (Fabiano et al, 2011). Although ADHD symptoms are important targets for intervention efforts, the influence of peers should not be neglected in creating interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Girls' ADHD Symptoms and Young Adult Driving: The Role of Perceived Deviant Peer Affiliation

Cardoos¹,

Loya²,

Hinshaw³

2013

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Objective Our goal was to examine the role of adolescent perceived deviant peer affiliation in mediating or moderating the association between adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and young adult driving risk in females with and without ADHD. Method The overall sample included 228 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse girls with or without a diagnosis of ADHD in childhood (Wave 1; 6–12 years) followed through adolescence (Wave 2; 11–18 years) and into young adulthood (Wave 3; 17–24 years). A subsample of 103 girls with a driving license by Wave 3 and with full data for all study variables was utilized in this investigation. In adolescence, mothers and teachers reported on ADHD symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), and participants reported on perceived deviant peer affiliation. In young adulthood, participants reported on driving behavior and outcomes, including number of accidents, number of moving vehicle citations, and ever having driven illegally. Covariates included age and adolescent conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder. Results Inattention directly predicted citations. Perceived deviant peer affiliation mediated the association between inattention and (a) accidents and (b) citations. Additionally, perceived deviant peer affiliation moderated the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and accidents, with hyperactivity/impulsivity predicting accidents only for those with low perceived deviant peer affiliation. Conclusions Perceived deviant peer affiliation appears to play an important role in the association between ADHD symptoms and driving outcomes. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that both ADHD symptoms and peer processes should be targeted in interventions that aim to prevent negative driving outcomes in young women with and without ADHD.

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“…Rij-simulatoren worden vaak gebruikt om de rijvaardigheid van adolescenten en volwassenen met ADHD te onderzoeken [21,22,26,27,42,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. In overeenstemming met studies die zelfrapportage, rapportage door anderen en officiële documenten geanalyseerd hebben, laten ook deze studies zien dat personen met ADHD diverse problemen hebben met autorijden (box 2).…”

Section: Methodeunclassified

“…Verder zouden niet-farmaceutische behandelmethoden nader moeten worden onderzocht. Tot nu toe heeft slechts een beperkt aantal studies de effecten van gedragsinterventies op rijgerelateerde gedragingen onderzocht en hoewel de steekproeven klein waren (n < 10), zijn de eerste resultaten veelbelovend [55,70,74,90].…”

Section: Gegevens Verzameld Met Een Testrit Op De Wegunclassified

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Manual Transmission Enhances Attention and Driving Performance of ADHD Adolescent Males

Abstract: Although in need of replication, this pilot study suggests a behavioral intervention to improve driving performance among ADHD adolescents.

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Driving: Why and How to Manage It

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Driving: Why and How to Manage It

Adolescent Girls' ADHD Symptoms and Young Adult Driving: The Role of Perceived Deviant Peer Affiliation

Autorijden met ADHD

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